從地域性探討台灣傳統細木作供桌家具之形制研究：以台南與鹿港為例

The Research on the Regional Skills and Rules of Taiwan Traditional Woodwork Altar Furniture: Taking Tainan and Lukang Types as an Example

王肇楠(Chao-Nan Wan) ； 朱政德(Cheng-Te Chu) ； 胡麗人(Li-Jen Hu)

《設計學研究》 13卷1期 (2010/07) Pp. 115-138

https://doi.org/10.30105/JDS.201007.0006

摘要

「一府二鹿三艋舺」的俗諺指出了台灣歷史與文化的地域發展，從明末歷經清朝、日治時期迄今，台南及鹿港「細木作」工藝承襲了明、清時代的風格與技法，經由早期先賢匠師將傳統法則、技法、術語、民俗宜忌等，透過「口述心傳」、「不立文字」的「師徒相傳」形式，培養著一代一代優秀的匠師，以技法多樣性及豐富的內涵與技藝的傳承延續，造就出細木作工藝細緻精工的特色。本研究企圖以台南體之三國戰齣與鹿港體之祥雲昇龍的民宅供桌為例，從地域之別，匠師製作之構件風格並形成特色，探討從形制的差異與細木作技藝之特色，並試圖從榫卯技術、裝飾技法與民俗宜忌、裝飾題材等進行一系列之深入探討。
本研究得知，鹿港體與台南體無論是技法、形制等皆明顯受中國泉州風格影響。但在裝飾技藝上，鹿港體以「隱喻於徵」的花楣夔龍紋雕刻為代表，台南體則以「具而可見」的花楣戰齣人物茄苳入石榴為其特色。整體而言，鹿港體各部位之視覺比較均衡，而台南體之用料纖合度上，其整體視覺較為厚重。

關鍵字

細木作家具 ； 供桌形制 ； 傳統工藝 ； 台南體 ； 鹿港體

並列摘要

The woodwork of Lukang type carries on the Ming and Qing Dynasty's style and skills. The worthy people of former times instructed traditional rules, skills, terminology, folk custom suitable death anniversary by orally transmitted teachings from master to pupil over generations without written texts for raising outstanding master craftsman. The inheritance of technique multiplicity and rich connotation accomplished an exquisite workmanship characteristic. This research takes ”The auspicious cloudrising the dragon” altar of Lukang type with ”The three countries fighting” of Tainan type as an example to discuss the construction difference of woodwork technique, and it attempts to carry on a series of thorough discussions like technical stratification plane (tenon and mortise technology, decoration technique) and the humanities meaning of sacrificial offering rules and regulations of Luban ruler, Ding Lanchi suitable death anniversary, decoration theme etc, then understanding from woodwork technique of performance in sacrificial offering altars, apparatus the concrete connotation to the background of humanities thought, and the regional characteristics between Lukang and Tainan area.
This research reveals that no matter skills and rules in Lukang or Tainan types were significantly affected by Quanzhou City style. In the aspect of decoration theme, Lukang type represents ”implications behind the concrete” on the other hand Tainan type features with ”manifestation on the sight”. In another word, Lukang types sight theme focuses on balance; however the material employed in Tainan type slows the concrete of sight in the whole.

並列關鍵字

Woodwork ； Altar Construction ； Traditional Craft ； Tainan Type ； Lukang Type

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