台灣傳統建築裝飾藝術—人物類剪黏題材的構圖原則

剪黏，俗稱「剪花」，廣東稱之為「嵌瓷」，屬於中國南方特有工藝形式，大致盛行於今之廣東、福建一帶。剪黏的製作過程十分繁複，是一種集雕塑、陶瓷、彩繪及鑲嵌等多樣技巧的一種獨特之藝術形式。由於人物類剪黏的豐富題材、多樣的構圖特色，成為匠師們展現精湛技藝的題材之一。如何將人物的排列，達到生動活潑且兼具美感，這些都在在考驗著匠師的智慧與功力。本文研究從裝飾的角度，來探討人物剪黏在構圖上的原則，希望能提供匠師們進行剪黏創作的參考依據，不論新建廟宇或古蹟修復工作，期能恢復以往的精巧水準，進而保存此一獨特工藝形式。

關鍵字

剪黏；台灣傳統建築；剪花；嵌瓷；傳統工藝

並列摘要

Chien-nien, commonly called as ”Chien-hua”, Cantonese calls that ”porcelain inlay”, is a characterized craft form in the South of China, the areas of Guangdong and Fukien that roughly prevail up to the present. The making process of Chien-nien is very complicated. Chien-nien is a kind of unique art form that combines various skills such as the sculpture, pottery, colored drawing or pattern, and inlaying, etc.As the character class Chien-nien the rich subject matter, composition and diverse characteristics, as craftsmen who demonstrate their craft is one of the subjects. How the arrangement of characters to achieve a lively sense of beauty and both of these are a test of the wisdom and skill of the craftsmen.For Chien-nien works through the method of composition should provide craftsmen who carried out Chien-nien reference creation, regardless of new temples or historic building restoration work, hoping to restore the previous level of sophistication, and then save the form of a unique processes.