評臺灣臺北地方法院94年度醫訴字第5號刑事判決－「邱小妹人球案」

本文以邱小妹案作為出發點，探討醫療刑法中的「不純正不作為構成要件」的「擬制因果關係」，以及「保證人」「防果義務」的來源與範園。申言之，本文除重申「作為構成要件」的「因果關係」與「不純正不作為構成要件」的「擬制因果關係」，係屬於不同的概念之外，並提出後者違反諸多法治國刑事法的若干基本原則，冀望學界與實務界重新省思「作為構成要件」與「不純正不作為構成要件」的「等價規範」重要性。另外，有別於傳統刑法學說與實務界的討論，本文嘗試以「攔截性因果關係」的概念來解釋若干醫療行為的因果進程；對於醫師在刑法上的「保證人」「防果義務」的來源與範園，則提出醫療相關法律以為佐誰，而嘗試提出於法理上更具說服力的「保證人」「防果義務」來源與範圍。最後，在本文所提出之前揭理論基礎上，針對臺灣臺北地方法院94年度醫訴字第5號刑事判決加以簡評，以供學界與實務界對於醫療刑法案件一個新的思考方向。

關鍵字

不純正不作為犯；擬制因果關係；保證人義務；保證人地位

並列摘要

This study begins with the case of a minor girl Chiou, examining the quasi causation (Quasi-Kausalitat) of the ＂unechte Unterlassungsdelikte＂, and the basis and scope of the ＂Garantenstellung＂ and ＂Garantenpflicht＂. In addition this article reiterated that the causation of the commission and the quasi causation of the ＂unechte Unterlassungsdelikte＂ are two different concepts. Also, in order to make the academic and practical to rethink the importance of the ＂Entsprechensklausel＂ between ＂Commission＂ and ＂u n e c h t e Unterlassungsdelikte＂, the author points out that the latter one has violated some criminal principles of rule of law of the modern country.Moreover, in contrast to traditional criminal law doctrine and practical discussion, this paper attempts to explain the process of the causation of certain medical practices by using a concept called ＂intercepting causation＂. Furthermore, in order to establish a more convincing theory to set up physicians ＂Garantenstellung＂ and ＂Garantenpflicht＂, this essay not only talks about criminal law itself, but also some other medical related law to support the argument. Finally, based on the theory which is mentioned above, the author briefly comments on the Taiwan Taipei District Court Criminal Judgment Yi-Su-Zi No.5 (2005), and brings up a new way to exam the medical criminal law cases.