論活體器官捐贈之法規範

為了避免器官買賣，人體器官移植條例對於活體器官捐贈移植對象親等多所限制，捐贈器官配偶，須生有子女或結婚2年以上。由於活體移植器官對捐贈者身體、健康或完整性有害而無益，並非醫療行為而係完全之侵害，須依捐贈者之同意而為阻卻違法性的承諾。本文認為在符合非屬生命法益或重大身體法益的情況下，應尊重捐贈者的自由意志，器官捐贈者是否具有完整之意思能力，其同意是否為充分瞭解後之真摯同意最為重要。現行條文對於捐贈對象之親等限制及配偶之限制有違反適當性及平等原則之虞，故提出修法建議。

關鍵字

器官移植；活體器官；捐贈同意；人體器官移植條例

並列摘要

To prevent organ trading, Human Organ Transplantation Act regulates that the living organ donation for transplantation should be applied with certain limits on the donor. Those who donate organs to spouse shall have borne a child or married for more than two years. Since living donor organ transplantation will do harm to the donor's body, health, or integrity, and is actually an infringement instead of a medical practice, it must be done in accordance with the donor's consent to negate the illegal nature of the commitment. This paper argues that in the case of non-human life interest or in-significant legal interest of body, the free will of the donor should be respected; whether the organ donor has full capacity of free will to consent and whether the donor's consent is fully informed and sincere are the most important. The current provisions for the donor's relative restrictions and spouse limitations may be in violation of appropriateness as well as the principle of equality. Therefore, we propose the advised amendment to the Act.