「理性選擇」或「非理性選擇」？－論我國消費者債務清理條例的二元選擇機制

在2008年我國消費者債務清理條例通過施行後，根據司法院之統計，自2008年至2014年底為止，聲請更生之總案件有33,520件，聲請清算者僅有5,724件，差距十分明顯。因此，債務人的聲請選擇究竟合不合乎經濟學上的理性選擇就是本文關心的重點。債務人多數選擇更生，僅有少數選擇清算的成因為何？債務人的選擇有無合乎經濟學上理性的觀點？如果是理性的選擇，為何我們的制度會造成這樣的結果？如果是非理性的選擇，我們能不能以行為經濟學的觀點去解釋債務人的行為？是什麼樣的因素讓我國債務人大量選擇聲請更生？這些都是本文嘗試回答的課題。本文將以司法院所公布之統計資料為基礎，以2008年我國實施消費者債務清理條例後之司法實務為依據，並以2012年消費者債務清理條例的新修正前後為時點，分析我國債務人大量聲請更生而非聲請清算的現象，嘗試提出本文的觀察與解釋。

關鍵字

理性選擇；非理性選擇；受限制選擇；消費者債務清理條例；清算免責；清算不免責；奢侈商品或服務；奢侈行為

並列摘要

The Consumer Debts Clearance Act was promulgated in 2008. According to the statistics of the Judicial Yuan, the appeal cases for rehabilitation amounted to 33,520 (from 2008 to 2014). But, at the same period, the appeal cases for insolvency only numbered 5,724. The gap is quite obvious. Therefore, the emphasis of this article is to discuss whether the choice of the debtor is a rational one or not. In Taiwan, most of the debtors chose rehabilitation instead of insolvency. Why? If the choice is rational, why is that our system causes such results? If the choice is not rational, can we explain such behavior from the point of view of the economics? What are the elements that cause our debtors to choose rehabilitation? It is the attempt of this discussion to answer these questions. The information used in this article is based on the statistics released from the Judicial Yuan. The actual cases that have taken place since the Act was put into effect in 2008 will be examined. And the phenomenon before and after the new amendment made to the Act in 2012 will also be analyzed. This article tries to present the observations and explanations concerning the issue.

並列關鍵字

Rational Choice ； Irrational Choice ； Bounded Choice ； The Consumer Debts Clearance Act ； Discharge ； Discharge Denied ； Luxury Goods or Service ； Extravagance