人民團體行政管理機制之探討──以內政部104年之人民團體法修正草案為中心

憲法第14條規定人民有集會及結社之自由。為保障人民依憲法享有之結社自由，維護共同意思組成之群體以及其參加活動之權利，乃定有人民團體法。從法制面觀之，最初對於人民團體之成立，並非是採取開放的態度，而係採取管制、甚至是排斥的立場。之後在先後多號大法官解釋之基礎上，人民之結社權獲得了基本之保障，惟現行人民團體法（以下簡稱：人團法）中仍然有諸多行政上之管制措施，尚未隨著國內外社會大環境之改變而有所鬆綁，再加上兩公約之內國法化因素，必須通盤檢討現行法以確保現行法與兩公約並無抵觸。為此，內政部召集了專家學者研議了人團法之修正草案，未來修法擬就人民團體設立之行政管制從「許可制」改成「登記制」，而設立後之行政管理亦改以「低度管理」為原則，本文即以現行人團法及修法草案中對人團法之「行政管制」及針對行政管理所生之「紛爭解決機制」作比較及探討。

關鍵字

人民團體法；組織；結社自由；許可制；登記制

並列摘要

The people shall have freedom of assembly and association under the 14th Article of Constitution of the Republic of China. To safe guard the freedom of association for people under the Constitution of the Republic of China, and maintain the group which are composed in the same meaning and the right to participate in the group's activities, it hereby promulgated the Civil Associations Act. From the legal system point of view, initially it was controlled and rejected to set up civil associations instead of accept it. Hereafter based, on the Judicial Yuan Interpretation, this ensures the protection of the people's rights of assembly. But now, it has administrative controls under Civil Associations Act, although the changes in social environment have been relaxed. Because of the domestic legal adjust--ifi cations toward the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), it has to overall review the existing law to confirm that the ICCPR is not in confl ict with the existing law. Therefore, Ministry of the Interior convened experts and scholars to deliberate Revised Draft for Civil Associations Act. The administrative controls of setting up civil associations have been changed from prior permission system into registration system, while modifying law in the future. The management of civil associations also been changed into lower management. This article aims at Civil Associations Act and Revised Draft for Civil Associations Act, compared the administrative controls under Civil Associations Act with dispute resolution mechanism.