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政黨參與不分區選舉之限制:德國與臺灣法制之對照省思

Different Treatment of Political Parties in Election: A Comparison between Taiwan and Germany

摘要


公職人員選舉罷免法第24條第4項對參與政黨票的競爭,要求未曾參與過競選的新政黨,或雖曾參與選舉,但未曾獲得公職人員選舉罷免法規定的票數門檻之小黨,若欲參與當次選舉,須提出10名區域或原住民立委候選人。此種差別對待,是否有侵犯政黨平等進入選舉場域競爭可能,且此一差別對待的目的為何,與該目的是否得以正當化該差別手段的設定,即成為本文研究的重要課題。本文擬從與臺灣同為兩票制設計的德國選舉制度為比較的對象,凸顯臺灣的選舉制度設計上,對於政黨的差別對待目的與方法是否合理。本文結論得出,德國的避免恣意參選是透過政黨法以及選舉法的規定。相反的,臺灣要「避免恣意參選」,僅能透過選舉法的規定。然而公職人員選舉罷免法第24條第4項設定恣意參選的排除條件規定,將無助於恣意參選排除的目的達成,而可能導致恣意的差別對待的重大疑慮。

並列摘要


The newly formed political parties, or any political parties participated in the previous election which did not meet the requirement of § 24 of the Electoral Law, need to nominate 10 candidates, if they want to participate the Two-Vote election. So is the regulation of § 24 Electoral Law. Whether this different treatment is harmful to the equality among political parties, is the main theme of this work. Taiwan and Germany both are Two-Vote election system. Thus I try to present the German electoral system, in oder to find out what is the problems in Taiwanese election system. Briefly speaking, to prevent the political party arbitrary participation in the election, Germany by the regulation of the Electoral Law and Political Party Law; On the contrary, the only one regulation to prevent arbitrary participation in the taiwanese election might be the Electoral Law. But the current system can not achieve the this goal. Therefore, the system is under the suspicion of arbitrary.

參考文獻


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