Lumbar clinical instability is believed to be one of the major contributors to chronic low back pain. The specific stabilization training (SST), which targets at the deep muscles surrounding lumbar spine, has been developed to address the biomechanical and motor control deficits associated with lumbar instability. The training principle is based upon Panjabi’s neutral zone model as well as the preferential inhibition of the transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus in low back pain sufferers. This review illustrated the history of the SST by discussing a series of basic and clinical experiments in the last decade. It is hoped that readers will appreciate the role of the SST in the management of lumbar clinical instability.