長期照護機構中老年住民之營養失調處理－物理治療觀點

Nutritional Management for Malnutrition of Older Residents in Long Term Care Facilities-The Physical Therapy Perspectives

簡盟月(Meng-Yueh Chien) ； 胡名霞(Ming-Hsia Hu)

《物理治療》 32卷2期 (2007/04) Pp. 78-88

摘要

營養失調是一種營養素攝取不足或過多的狀態，長期照護機構住民的營養失調幾乎都是營養不足，經常以無意的體重減輕(unintentional weight loss)表現。根據調查長期照護機構住民的營養失調的盛行率高達10-65%，這將伴隨罹病率、死亡率及併發症增加。早期偵測評估有助於提早介入處理，並防止營養失調狀況繼續惡化。有鑒於未來長期照護機構老年住民增加的趨勢，學界已積極研究並訂製標準化評估流程及處理方式，並建議相關人員應定期接受教育訓練，以提升整體營養照護的品質。本文將回顧目前有關長期照護機構老年住民營養失調處理的相關主題，內容包括：(1)營養失調的盛行率、原因和影響，(2)營養失調的評估和處理，(3)特殊病況之考量。物理治療師也是長期照護團隊的一員，在營養照護主題上物理治療師可以協助偵測老年住民的營養失調現象，並設計適當的運動計畫增加活動量以促進食慾和飲食攝取量。

關鍵字

機構住民 ； 長期照護 ； 營養失調 ； 營養照護

並列摘要

Malnutrition has been used to characterize a broad range of altered nutritional states including overnutrition and undernutrition. Undernutrition is common among the elderly in long-term care facilities (LTCF) and often presented as unintentional weight loss. The prevalence of malnutrition in the LTCF has been reported to be 10% to 65%. Malnutrition is associated with higher risk of complications and with increased morbidity and mortality. Early detection and evaluation can enhance early intervention to prevent further malnutrition. The researchers have developed screening tools and various strategies to minimize weight loss in LTCF residents, and recommended regularly training and education for the team members of the LTC to improve the quality of nutrition care. This paper reviewed: (1) the prevalence, cause and consequent outcome of malnutrition; (2) the evaluation and management for malnutrition; and (3) special considerations of malnutrition in the LTCF. The role of physical therapists in the issue of the nutrition care in LTCF includes assisting early detection of malnutrition and implementing exercise programs to promote muscle mass and strength, and to stimulate appetite and energy intake.

並列關鍵字

Facility resident ； Long term care ； Malnutrition ； Nutrition care