賽前意象使用的性別與運動種類差異

The Effects of Gender Differences and Types of Sports on Athletes' Use of Pre-Competition Imagery

陳俊汕(Jiunn-Shan Chen)

《大專體育學刊》 7卷3期 (2005/09) Pp. 161-173

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.200509_7(3).0013

摘要

This study investigated the effects of gender differences and types of sports on athletes' use of imagery before competition. Variables analyzed in this study included gender (male vs. female), sport type (open skill vs. closed skill), and imagery type (Cognitive-Specific imagery, CS; Cognitive-General imagery, CG; Motivational General-Mastery imagery, MG-M; Motivational General-Arousal imagery, MG-A; and Motivational-Specific imagery, MS). Subjects were 200 sports talented college students from 21 sports events. The Sports Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ), which uses a 7-point Likert scale (1=never, 7=always), was employed to measure the athletes' imagery use. The MANOVA procedure was performed to analyze the data. Results showed that there was no significant interaction between gender and sport type (Λ=981, p＞.05). Gender, however, was a significant factor in terms of pre-game use of MS (F=10.229, p＜.05). Male athletes (M=4.87) were found to use MS imagery more frequently than female athletes (M=4.25). Sport types also played a significant role (Λ=.899, p＜.05). The F-test showed that athletes used MG-A imagery more frequently in closed skill sports (M=5.23) than in open skill sports (M=4.83), so did they in the CS imagery. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher suggested that trainers should not only guide athletes in using imagery with cognitive functions but also imagery with motivational functions to improve their performances.

關鍵字

意象 ； 心智訓練 ； 運動員

並列摘要

This study investigated the effects of gender differences and types of sports on athletes' use of imagery before competition. Variables analyzed in this study included gender (male vs. female), sport type (open skill vs. closed skill), and imagery type (Cognitive-Specific imagery, CS; Cognitive-General imagery, CG; Motivational General-Mastery imagery, MG-M; Motivational General-Arousal imagery, MG-A; and Motivational-Specific imagery, MS). Subjects were 200 sports talented college students from 21 sports events. The Sports Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ), which uses a 7-point Likert scale (1=never, 7=always), was employed to measure the athletes' imagery use. The MANOVA procedure was performed to analyze the data. Results showed that there was no significant interaction between gender and sport type (Λ=981, p＞.05). Gender, however, was a significant factor in terms of pre-game use of MS (F=10.229, p＜.05). Male athletes (M=4.87) were found to use MS imagery more frequently than female athletes (M=4.25). Sport types also played a significant role (Λ=.899, p＜.05). The F-test showed that athletes used MG-A imagery more frequently in closed skill sports (M=5.23) than in open skill sports (M=4.83), so did they in the CS imagery. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher suggested that trainers should not only guide athletes in using imagery with cognitive functions but also imagery with motivational functions to improve their performances.

並列關鍵字

imagery ； mental training ； athletes

參考文獻

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Goss, S.,Hall.,Buckolz, E.,Fishburne, G.(1986).Imagery ability and the acquisition and retention of movements.Memory & Cognition.14,469-477.

Hall, C.(2001).Handbook of sport psychology.New York:John Wiley & Sons.