臺灣優秀運動選手使用營養增補劑的現況

Utilization of Nutritional Ergogenic Aids by Elite Athletes in Taiwan

蔡宗晏(Zong-Yan Cai) ； 徐谷甫(Ku-Fu Hsu) ； 林益安(Yi-An Lin) ； 曾玉華(Yu-Hwa Tseng) ； 黃瓊誼(Chung-I Hung) ； 許美智(Mei-Chih Hsu)

《大專體育學刊》 11卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 141-152

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.200912_11(4).0011

摘要

本研究目的為探討臺灣優秀運動選手使用營養增補劑的現況。研究調查了2007年全國中等學校運動會（全中運）、全國大專運動會（大運會）和全國運動會（全運會）期間，392名接受運動禁藥抽檢之選手，以了解其比賽前14天使用營養增補劑的情形。營養增補劑種類包括：一、維生素／礦物質。二、醣類／蛋白質。三、保健食品。四、即時能量補給品。五、能量調節飲料。六、其它類。統計分析包括描述統計、t考驗、卡方分析及獨立樣本單因子變異數分析。結果顯示：選手使用營養增補劑的比率為89.80%，平均每位選手使用2.43±0.06 種營養增補劑，選手最常使用的為運動飲料（52.55%）。不同種類的營養增補劑中，選手最常使用的分別為維生素／礦物質類之綜合維生素（32.40%）；醣類／蛋白質類之肌酸（21.17%）；保健食品類之動能食物膠囊（16.84%）；即時能量補給品之巧克力（24.74%）；能量調節飲料之運動飲料（52.55%）。女性選手對維生素／礦物質（48.54% vs. 38.91%）與保健食品（47.95% vs. 32.13%）的使用率高於男性選手（p<.05）；全中運和大運會選手使用即時能量補給品的比率高於全運會選手（53.33%, 50.00% vs. 23.78%;p<.05），且有少數全中運選手使用不明的營養增補劑；不同項目選手使用增補劑的種類數有顯著差異（p<.05），舉重／健美（2.78±0.15）、中長跑（2.55±0.21）、短跑（2.83±0.20）及游泳（2.81±0.15）選手使用營養增補劑的種類多於其它選手。本研究結論顯示，近來臺灣優秀選手使用營養增補劑的情形相當普遍。

關鍵字

全中運 ； 大運會 ； 全運會 ； 增補 ； 調查

並列摘要

This study aimed to understand the use of nutritional ergogenic aids status by elite athletes in Taiwan. This study surveyed 392 athletes (221 males, 171 females) who were selected for doping control at the National High School Games, National University Games and National Athletic Games during the year 2007 in Taiwan. The athletes were asked to declare the use of nutritional ergogenic aids 14 days prior to the games. The types of nutritional ergogenic aids included: 1). vitamins/minerals, 2). carbohydrate/protein supplements, 3). nutraceutical, 4). instant energy supplements, 5). energy regulatory drinks and 6). other supplements. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, and independent one-way ANOVA. The results indicated that 89.80% of the athletes used nutritional ergogenic aids, with each athlete using on average 2.43±0.06 different types. The most commonly used nutritional ergogenic aid was sports drinks (52.55%). The most used types in nutritional ergogenic aids were: multi-vitamins (32.40%) for vitamin/mineral supplements, creatine (21.17%) for carbohydrate/protein supplements, overrides capsule (16.84%) for nutraceutical, chocolate (24.74%) for instant energy supplements, and sports drinks (52.55%) for energy regulatory drinks. Female athletes had a higher usage rate (p＜.05) in the vitamin/mineral supplements (48.54% vs. 38.91%) and nutraceutical (47.95% vs. 32.13%) compared to male athletes. Additionally, the usage rate of instant energy supplements was higher in National High School Game and National University Game athletes than that of National Athletic Game athletes (53.33%, 50% and 23.78% respectively p＜.05), and few National High School Game athletes used the supplements that the denomination and function are not sure by them. Moreover, there were significant differences (p＜.05) among sports in the types of nutritional ergogenic aids used. Weight lifters/bodybuilders (2.78±0.15), middle-long distance runners (2.55±0.21), sprinters (2.83±0.20) and swimmers (2.81±0.15) demonstrated to use more types of nutritional ergogenic aids than others. In conclusion, the results suggest that Taiwan elite athletes’ use of nutritional ergogenic aids is prevailing in recent years.

並列關鍵字

National High School Games ； National University Games ； National Athletic Games ； supplements ； survey

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