- 期刊
不同截擊性運動選手的多物體追蹤能力
Multiple Object Tracking Ability of Athletes in Different Interceptive Sports
摘要
過往研究指出球類運動選手比非運動選手擁有更優秀的多物體追蹤（multiple object tracking, MOT）能力。但至今探討運動選手MOT能力之文獻依然有限，本研究將針對截擊性球類與技擊類運動選手進行MOT能力的分析。本研究目的是透過MOT任務探討截擊性球類、技擊類運動選手的MOT能力與特性。招收現役臺灣甲組截擊性球類選手（8名桌球、8名棒球）、技擊類選手（6名空手道、10名拳擊）和15名非運動選手；操控MOT任務中的追蹤視野（左右單側或雙側）、速度（0.6每秒鐘轉速[revolution per second, r/s], 0.9 r/s, 1.2 r/s）、顆數（1顆、2顆）等3項變數，組合出12種不同實驗情境讓受試者進行檢測，比較不同組別間執行MOT任務的正確率。研究結果顯示：在主效果分析中，組別對MOT正確率有顯著效果，最小顯著差事後比較顯示：球類組和技擊類組之正確率顯著高於非運動選手組；球類組與技擊類組之間並無顯著差異。另外顆數×速度×組別三因子有顯著地交互作用，在顆數×速度的事後比較分析：在一顆1.2r/s和兩顆0.9r/s的實驗情境下，組別出現顯著效果（球類＞技擊類＞非運動選手）。本研究結論認為截擊性運動選手的MOT能力比非運動選手佳，且球類選手可以比技擊類選手在追蹤更快速度的移動目標時，正確率較高。
並列摘要
Recent studies indicated that strategic ball sports athletes have better multiple object tracking (MOT) ability than non-athletes. However, research investigated the MOT ability of athletes is still limited. Thus, the MOT ability of athletes in interceptive sports were examined in this study. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of the MOT task and characteristics between athletes in interceptive ball sports and combat sports. Taiwan's A-level ball sports athletes (8 table tennis and 8 baseball), combat sports athletes (10 boxing and 6 karate), and 15 non-athletes were enrolled in this study. We manipulated the tracking visual field (unilateral or bilateral), velocity (0.6 revolution per second [r/s], 0.9 r/s, 1.2 r/s), and number of tracked targets (one or two) in MOT task to make 12 different experiment combination for the participants' test. Results indicated that groups have significant effect on the accuracy of the MOT task in main effect analysis. Least significant difference post hoc analysis showed that the ball sports and combat sports athletes have significantly higher tracking accuracy than non-athletes. However, no significant difference was found between ball sports and combat sports athletes. Significant interaction effect was found in visual number × velocity × group, in the number × velocity. Post hoc analysis showed that groups have significant effect for one 1.2 r/s and two 0.9 r/s (ball sports athletes > combat sports athletes > non-athletes). In conclusion, athletes in interceptive sports have better performance in the MOT task than non-athletes. In particular, ball sports athletes have higher tracking accuracy while tracking faster moving object than combat sports athletes.