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兒科病人何時可以脫離呼吸器及拔除氣管內管?

When is It for Weaning Ventilator and Extubation in Pediatrics?

摘要


對於兒科病人而言,呼吸衰竭以致於需要呼吸器幫助氧合換氣,是一件很嚴重的事情。因爲同時間經常伴隨著血行動力學的不穩定及組織血液灌流量的不足。另一方面,關於什麼時機脫離呼吸器及拔除氣管內管,可惜目前針對兒童部分的研究,包括歐美國家,並沒有像成人一樣有比較完善的評估指標來決定何時脫離呼吸器及拔除氣管內管。根據最近2002年,美國一項大規模的兒童呼吸器移除評估指標的比較研究,總共有182位兒童,分別依據不同模式脫離呼吸器,最後發現重新插管率並無顯著的差異性。因此,很多時候只能依賴各個兒科專科醫師臨床經驗的判斷來決定。要注意的是,使用呼吸器也有可能產生一些合併症,包括呼吸道傷害,呼吸道及肺部的感染,及呼吸器有關的肺傷害。所以,如何有效去評估兒童可以移除呼吸器以及減少不必要的重新插管機會。本章整理一些國內外的成人及兒童經驗,去討論及建議適當的時機脫離呼吸器及拔除氣管內管。

並列摘要


Invasive mechanical ventilation is frequently used to support respiratory failure in infant and children. They usually combined with the instability of hemodynamics and poor tissue perfusion. It is important to life saving in infants and children with respiratory failure. Besides, when weaning ventilator should start in children did not have a golden standard as adult. According to a recent study, Randolph et. al in 2002 collected 183 children and infants using invasive mechanical ventilator. They set three modes of weaning protocols, but finally concluded weaning protocols did not significantly shorten the duration of weaning course. However, we must avoided the complications in ventilator including airway injury, nosocomial infections of the airway and the lung, and ventilator-induced lung injury. So we hope to follow more effectively weaning parameters by reviewing the series of weaning experiences in many children hospitals in the world.

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