The Response of Broccoli and Cabbage to Soils with Different Fertilization Histories

青花菜與甘藍在不同施肥歷史之土壤中的反應

蔡永暤(Yuong-How Tsai) ； 黃依倫(I-Lun Huang) ； 趙震慶(Chen-Chin Chao) ； 鍾仁賜(Ren-Shih Chung)

《臺灣農業化學與食品科學》 44卷6期 (2006/12) Pp. 416-424

https://doi.org/10.6578/TJACFS.2006.048

摘要

本研究之目的在探討經不同施肥管理之土壤，持續用相同之施肥管理對青花菜及甘藍生長、氮吸收與分配及植物體內硝酸態氮濃度的影響。試驗地點在高雄區農業改良場旗南分場。試驗土壤為長期研究之土壤，共有三種處理。進行本研究之前，已經經過十一年連續僅施有機肥料（OF處理）、僅施化學肥料（CF處理）及以氮肥為基準，有機與化學肥料各半（IF處理）。本試驗則持續與以前相同之處理，栽培青花菜及甘藍。青花菜及甘藍分別於移植後75與70天採收，同時將植物體分為根、葉（甘藍為外葉）與花球（甘藍為球）。樣品分別分析其總氮、硝酸態氮與不溶性氮。其結果顯示OF處理之青花菜產量與氮吸收量高於CF與IF處理者，在甘藍之乾重則三處理間無顯著差異，氮吸收量則以OF處理低於CF處理者。OF處理甘藍之氮肥利用效率顯著高於CF處理者，但是在青花菜則各處理間無顯著差異。OF處理整株植體硝酸態氮濃度顯著低於CF處理者；三種處理青花菜植體中之總氮與溶解性還原態氮無顯著差異，在甘藍則以CF處理顯著較高。本研究顯示經長期施用有機肥料使土壤肥力增加之後，再以氮礦化率估算有機肥料施用量時，可以達到與化學肥料處理相同甚至更高之產量，同時也可以使其硝酸態氮濃度比施用化學肥料者低。

關鍵字

有機農業 ； 施肥 ； 硝酸態氮 ； 甘藍 ； 青花菜 ； 氮組成

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth, nitrogen (N) uptake and distribution, nitrate nitrogen (NO3(superscript -)-N) content of broccoli and cabbage as affected by different fertilizers, grown in soils with different fertilization histories. The field used in this study is located in Chi-san, at the Kaohsiung District Agricultural Improvement Station, in Southern Taiwan. The soils in this study were subjected to long-term studies, and were treated with organic fertilizer only (OF), chemical fertilizer only (CF), or a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers (IF), all of which were applied continuously. After transplantation, broccoli and cabbage plants were harvested at 75 and 70 days, respectively. The plants were separated into roots, leaves (wrapper leaves for cabbage), and heads. After drying to a constant weight at 65℃, the dry weight, nitrate N, total N, and insoluble N were determined, respectively. The results showed that the growth and N uptake of broccoli and cabbage from the OF-treated plot were the same or even higher than those from the CF and IF plots. The N use efficiency (NUE) for the OF plot was also higher. The NO3(superscript -)-N concentrations of both the entire broccoli and cabbage that received OF treatment were lower than those which received CF treatment. The total N and soluble N concentrations of organic fertilizer-treated broccoli were lower than those of the chemical fertilizer-treated ones; the reverse was true for cabbage. In conclusion, after 11 years of applying organic fertilizer and establishing the soil fertility, the crop yield of OF treatment, in which the application of N fertilizer was based on the mineralization capacity, can be as high as or higher than that of CF treatment, resulting in lower NO3(superscript -)-N concentrations in the plants.

並列關鍵字

Organic farming ； Fertilization ； Nitrate N ； Cabbage ； Broccoli ； N composition