微波冷凍乾燥對猴頭菇品質及抗氧化能力之影響

Effect of Microwave Freeze-drying on Qualities and Antioxidant Activity of Hericium erinaceus

陳慶真(Ching-Jen Chen) ； 陳緻宇(Zhi-Yu Chen) ； 陳淑德(Su-Der Chan)

《臺灣農業化學與食品科學》 51卷3期 (2013/06) Pp. 133-140

https://doi.org/10.6578/TJACFS.2013.016

摘要

猴頭菇（Hericium erinaceus）為珍貴的藥膳兩用真菌，具有降血糖、抗凝血、促進神經生長因子生成等多種生理功能。本研究目的為探討微波冷凍乾燥製程，並與熱風乾燥及傳統冷凍乾燥比較對於猴頭菇品質及抗氧化能力的影響。首先建立不同微波功率0.6、0.8及1 W/g微波冷凍乾燥50 g猴頭菇的乾燥曲線，分別需乾燥2.5、2及1 h，然而使用50℃熱風乾燥和傳統冷凍乾燥分別需12及21 h。將乾燥猴頭菇磨粉後分別進行85%酒精及熱水萃取，以20 μg/mL 85%酒精萃取液進行抗氧化成分（總多酚含量）及抗氧化性質（螯合亞鐵能力、DPPH及還原力）測定，再以熱水萃取液進行抗氧化成分（粗多醣及類黃酮含量）測定，結果顯示微波冷凍乾燥猴頭菇的粗多醣含量高達5.75%；且冷凍乾燥及微波冷凍乾燥對於猴頭菇的總多酚和類黃酮含量並無顯著差異，分別約為8-9 mg/g和0.72－0.84 mg/g。冷凍乾燥及微波冷凍乾燥猴頭菇之20 μg/mL酒精萃取液之清除DPPH值約為92－93%及還原力在700 nm下吸光值約為1.3，二者無顯著差異，但其還原力卻遠高於熱風乾燥猴頭菇萃取物。兩種冷凍 乾燥猴頭菇萃取物之螯合亞鐵能力約為87－93%，微波冷凍乾燥可像傳統冷凍乾燥方法保有猴頭菇的良好抗氧化能力，又可大幅縮短冷凍乾燥的時間和節省能源。

關鍵字

猴頭菇 ； 微波冷凍乾燥 ； 抗氧化能力

並列摘要

Hericium erinaceus has the dual purposes of valuable diet and medicine, and it contains many active components and bio-functions. The aims of this research were to investigate microwave freeze-drying process and to compare with the other drying methods (hot air drying and freeze-drying) for qualities and antioxidant activities of H. erinaceus fruiting body. First, the drying curves of 50 g microwave freeze-drying H. erinaceus by different microwave power of 0.6, 0.8 and 1 W/g were established and they required 2.5, 2 and 1 h to dry, respectively. However, the 50oC hot air drying and conventional freeze-drying of 50 g H. erinaceus required more than 12 h and 21 h, respectively. The dried H. erinaceus was extracted by 85% alcohol and hot water, respectively, and then antioxidant activities of 20 μg/mL extracts were analyzed. The crude polysaccharide contents of microwave freeze-dried H. erinaceus were up to 5.75%. Two different freeze-dried H. erinaceus had no significant difference on total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, which were about 8-9 mg/g and 720-840 μg/g, respectively. The 20 μg/mL ethanol extracts from freeze-dried and microwave freeze-dried H. erinaceus had no significant difference on the scavenging DPPH ability (about 92-93%) and reducing power at 700 nm (about 1.3), but their reducing power were significantly higher than hot air dried H. erinaceus. The chelating iron capacities of the freeze-dried H. erinaceus were bout 87-93%. Microwave freeze-dried H. erinaceus maintained good antioxidant activities as the traditional freeze-dried H. erinaceu; however, microwave freeze-drying significantly reduced drying time and saved energy.

並列關鍵字

Hericium erinaceus ； Microwave Freeze-drying ； Antioxidant activity