華語雙音節詞基頻的聲調共構效果

共同構音效果是言語常見的現象，不僅發生於口道的構音動作，也可能發生於聲源的製造上。華語為聲調語言，在連續華語語音中各音節中的聲調製造是否也存在著共同構音效果？可透過分析連續語音中基頻的走勢觀察此效果。本研究的目的在探討華語十六種聲調組合之雙音節詞的聲調共構特性，分析十位正常說話者所產生的32個華語雙音節詞的基頻曲線。藉由比較華語四種聲調之基頻各在第一音節與第二音節的起始、中點與末尾的變化與差異，檢驗共構效果的存在。結果顯示雙音節詞之第一音節和第二音節之聲調對鄰音節基頻皆有顯著的影響，除了在第一音節的起始處沒有顯著效果外，其餘皆有顯著效果，其中以在第一音節聲調對第二音節基頻的影響區域範圍較大，且基頻斜率的改變趨勢較為一致，顯示第一音節聲調的影響效果較強，亦即聲調共構的存留性效果大於預期性的效果。聲調共構效果對於韻母基頻斜率的改變有限，各聲調大致還是維持著既定的基頻輪廓走勢。就雙音節詞十六種聲調的組合而言，將基頻的變異程度大致分為兩類—和諧型與衝突型，和諧型的前後音節間基頻的差距較衝突型的為小。

關鍵字

聲調；基頻；共構；基頻共構；雙音節詞

並列摘要

Coarticulation occurs frequently in speech, and not only presents on the segmental level, but also on the suprasegmental level. Mandarin Chinese is a tonal language. Does tonal coarticulation exist in the production of tone in the connected speech? By examining the fundamental frequency (F0) variation of rime across different tonal context of disyllabic words, the contextual variation may reveal the effect of tonal coarticulation. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the tonal coarticulation for the disyllabic words of Mandarin Chinese. There are totally 16 types of tonal concatenate in the disyllabic words. Ten adults (five males, five females) participated in speech recording. The F0 values at the beginning, mid and final points were measured and compared among the 16 tonal contexts. In addition, the F0 slops of the onset and offset section for a rime segment were calculated. The results show that the neighboring tone in the disyllabic words did influence F0 along the rime segments in both syllables of words, except at the beginning points of the first syllables. The entire tone contours of the second syllables were affected by tonal coarticulation; however, only the offset sections of the first syllables were affected. It suggests that the preservative coarticulation is stronger than the anticipatory coarticulation. Overall, the F0 movement direction was generally not affected, and the F0 slops only had only little variation due to the coarticulation effect. According to the magnitude of the difference between the F0 at the final points of the first syllables and the beginning points of the second syllables, the 16 types of tonal concatenate in the disyllabic words can be classified as two categories: compatible type and conflicting type. For the conflicting type, the F0 distances between two concatenate syllables were greater than those for the compatible type.