學前兒童音韻覺識與聲母發音能力之關聯性初探

音韻覺識在兒童學習注音符號、認字等讀寫習得上扮演重要角色，本研究探究學前兒童音韻覺識能力的發展情形，並檢驗其與發音正確度是否有任何相關性。研究對象為淡水、三芝地區120位平均年齡為53個月之兒童，以鄭靜宜在2013年編製《兒童華語語音綜合測驗指導手冊》之「詞語分測驗」結果的聲母正確率代表聲母發音能力，另以葉麗莉在2015年所開發之《學前音韻覺識測驗》測驗中音節覺識、韻腳覺識、首音覺識之表現作為音韻覺識能力。隨後將受試者分為兩組：聲母正確率百分等級50以上為發音正常組，百分等級50以下為發音低落組，分別呈現兩組聲母正確率及各項音韻覺識之間的相關性。結果發現，所有幼兒的聲母發音和音韻覺識能力皆無性別差異。發音正常組學前幼兒隨著年齡增加，兩者的表現也較佳，且音節及韻腳覺識表現皆顯著優於首音覺識；他們的發音能力與音節、韻腳覺識能力有顯著正相關，但在控制年齡後則無直接關連。發音低落組在三項音韻覺識上則皆無任何顯著差異，且沒有隨年齡之增長而進步。建議在臨床上對於語音異常之學前兒童，除了評估發音能力外，也應進一步檢測其音韻覺識是否符合一般幼兒的發展型態，以預防日後可能出現的讀寫問題。

關鍵字

語音異常；聲母正確率；音節覺識；韻腳覺識；首音覺識

並列摘要

It had been well established that phonological awareness (PA) plays an important role in literacy acquisition. This research explored the PA skills on the syllable level, rime level, and onset level, and investigated whether they are related to the production of speech sounds in Mandarin-speaking preschool children. The aim of this study is to provide clinical speech-language pathologists in Taiwan with more comprehensive insights of PA development in preschool children and related interpretation on speech assessment. Participants included 120 preschoolers with an average age of 53 months. The ＂Manual of Mandarin Speech Test for Children,＂ established by Jeng, was used to calculate their correct consonant rates, which represented their performance of speech sound production. The ＂Phonological Awareness Test for Preschool Children,＂ established by Yeh, was used to assess their PA at the syllable, rime, and onset levels. Participants with the correct consonant rate above 50 were categorized within the normal speech sound production group, while the rest belonged to the poor speech sound production group. Correlation analysis of correct consonant rates and various levels of PA between the two groups were then conducted. The results showed no gender differences of any measures. The PA and speech sound production of the typically developing group improved consistently with age, but their PA and speech sound production lacked any direct correlation after the age factor was controlled. In addition, their PA on the syllable and rime levels was significantly higher than the onset level. However, the pattern was not evident in the group with speech difficulty. No significant differences in performance were found among their three PA tasks. To prevent possible difficulty in literacy acquisition, it was suggested that phonological skills and/or PA might be an important element in the assessment for children with speech sound disorders.

並列關鍵字

Speech sounds disorders ； Correct consonant rate ； Syllable awareness ； Rime awareness ； Onset awareness

參考文獻

韓紹禮、陳彥琪、顏孝羽、塗雅雯、魏聰祐（2010）。學齡前兒童音韻異常分析。台灣復健醫學雜誌，38，159-168。doi:10.6315/2010.38(3)03

宣崇慧、盧台華（2006）。聲韻覺識能力及口語詞彙知識與國小一至二年級學童字、詞閱讀發展之探究。特殊教育研究學刊，31，73-92。doi:10.6172/BSE200609.3101004ss

Anthony, J. L., & Lonigan, C. J. (2004). The nature of phonological awareness: Converging evidence from four studies of preschool and early grade school children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 43-55. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.96.1.43

Anthony, J. L., Lonigan, C. J., Burgess, S. R., Driscoll, K., Phillips, B. M., & Cantor, B. G. (2002). Structure of preschool phonological sensitivity: Overlapping sensitivity to rhyme, words, syllables, and phonemes. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 82, 65-92. doi:10.1006/jecp.2002.2677

Anthony, J. L., Lonigan, C. J., Driscoll, K., Phillips, B. M., & Burgess, S. R. (2003). Phonological sensitivity: A quasi-parallel progression of word structure units and cognitive operations. Reading Research Quarterly, 38, 470-487. doi:10.1598/RRQ.38.4.3

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學前兒童音韻覺識與聲母發音能力之關聯性初探

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