竹北市生態平衡角度下的都市綠地選址之研究

過往都市地區綠地規劃的考量重點著重於休憩功能，將綠地視為服務人類的公共設施，本研究的主要目的是以生態平衡的角度進行竹北市的都市綠地選址。運用景觀生態學理論歸納都市綠地選址的評估因子；以層級分析法整合相關領域專家的意見，計算各評估因子的權重；利用地理資訊系統結合遙測影像與實地調查資料，計算候選綠地中各評估因子的得分；最後再以權重加總方式求得候選綠地的生態分數，並探討這些候選綠地設置為公園後，對竹北市整體生態功能的影響。研究結果顯示，植物種類較多與接近綠網系統兩項評估因子的權重值最高。生態分數較高的五個綠地候選區設置為公園後，雖提昇生態功能指數中的面積及與水體距離，但卻減低形狀、與公園距離及與綠網系統距離指數，主因是竹北市行政區狹長形狀的限制。不過整體而言，設置後將使竹北市整體綠地資源提高，在維持都市環境生態平衡的同時，提供一個更宜人居的環境。

關鍵字

生態平衡；景觀生態學；地理資訊系統；層級分析法

並列摘要

The leisure functions of green space are the primary considerations of urban planning in the past. It means the green space, been a public facility, plays a role in serving humanity. The primary purpose of this study is to select the suitable sites of green space based on the perspectives of ecological balance in Jhubei. The theories of landscape ecology were used to summarized assessment factor. The AHP procedures were used to integrate the opinions of experts in related fields. The GIS functions, combined with remote sensing images and field survey data, were used to calculate the scores of each assessment factors for every candidate site of green space. Finally, weighted summation was used to calculate the ecological score of each candidate site, then exploring the impacts of ecological functions in Jhubei if these candidate sites are set to park. The results show that two factors including 'more plant species' and 'closer to ecological network' have the highest weights. If the five candidate sites with higher ecological score become parks, two indexes of ecological function including 'area' and 'distance to water' will enhance, but three ones including 'shape', 'distance to park' and 'distance to ecological network' will decrease, mainly due to Jhubei administrative belongs elongated shape. Overall, this scenario will increase environmental resources in maintaining the ecological balance of the urban as well as providing a more livable environment.