論代理理論與對學校組織的衍生問題與解決途徑

近來，新制度經濟學下的代理理論已成為經濟學重要的研究議題之一，學校實屬代理契約關係的單位，若能結合原有教育行政理念與深具現實世界本質的代理理論，相信對於校長經營管理校務會有更佳的成效。用代理理論來分析學校組織有其適用性與優勢性，屬於非營利組織的學校單位更易面臨嚴重的代理問題，包含產生逆向選擇、道德危機及目標與利益衝突，文中提出可行的解決辦法以避免學校組織產生失靈的狀況，如校長對於教師的資訊篩選、校長對分離均衡的適當運用、教師群主動發起訊號傳遞功能、教育行政機關單位持續介入、校長加強對教師的監督機制、提供適量適當之誘因、教師聲譽的提倡與建立、實施目標管理而結合成員目標與組織目標、透過心理契約建立學校團隊等，足供校長運思有效機制的方針。

關鍵字

代理理論；逆向選擇；道德危機；學校組織

並列摘要

In recent years, agency theory under new institutional economics has become one of the important research topics in economics. As schools belong to units of agency agreements, the combination of original educational administration concepts with the essentially realistic agency theory is expected to effectively improve principals’ management of school administration. While using agency theory to analyze school organization has its applicability and dominance, schools being nonprofit organizations are inclined to encounter serious agency problems, such as the formation of adverse selection, moral hazard, and conflict between objectives and interests. This article outlined the possible measures to prevent the occurrence of failure in school organizations. For example, the principal's screening of teacher information, the principal's appropriate utilization of separating equilibrium, teachers' active initiation of signaling, the persistent intervention of educational administrative agencies, the principal's supervision mechanism on teachers, the availability of appropriate incentives, the promotion and establishment of teachers' reputation, the implementation of management by objectives to combine the members' objectives with the organization's, and the establishment of school teams through psychological contract, provide sufficient references for the principal to design effective mechanisms and guidelines.