納粹德國(1933~1945)宣傳海報研究

The Research of Nazi Germany (1933-1945) Propaganda Posters

蔡綺(Chii Tsai)

《國立臺中技術學院學報》 9卷2期 (2008/07) Pp. 91-112

https://doi.org/10.29427/JNTIT.200807_12.0006

摘要

納粹德國一向以宣傳著稱，其海報設計具體的展現出納粹德國宣傳理念與策略，亦將希特勒統治納粹德國政治理念發揚至極致。受到納粹德國戰爭罪行的影響，現代設計界普遍不重視納粹宣傳海報。但是實際上，這些海報不論在宣傳主題與策略，圖像表現、文案標題或色彩處理上，仍有其可觀之處，實可做為文宣政策部門及設計者探索極權政治宣傳策略的重要參考。
本文以納粹德國時期55幅宣傳海報為研究樣本，透過文獻分析的方法，就海報進行深入比較分析。經過分析歸納後，本文研究發現納粹宣傳海報能夠充分展現與表達納粹意識形態；能瞭解群體心理，進而掌握、支配群眾；主題訴求明確易懂；設計獨特、醒目；具代表性的口號、手勢、符號與象徵符號，並且廣泛而重複地使用；色彩具強力震撼性；雖因為極權體制的制約，無法凸顯個別設計者獨特的個人風格，但卻能展現設計者處理平面媒體的功力與美學觀。最後，本文亦歸納出納粹德國與同盟國海報間在部分共同主題的差異點。

關鍵字

納粹德國 ； 宣傳海報 ； 政治宣傳 ； 戰爭海報 ； 希特勒

並列摘要

Nazi Germany was famous in propaganda. The ideal and strategies of Germany's propaganda and Hitler's concepts of political propaganda were reflected completely by Nazi poster design. Because Nazi's crime in WWII, it's posters design wasn't emphasized by design community. In Fact, Nazi Germany propaganda posters are valuable in their topic, strategies, graphics, title and color. These values can also used to be references for modern propaganda and design community to understand Nazi Germany's propaganda strategies.
This article used 55 Nazi propaganda posters to be research samples. By document analyses this article, compare and find that Nazi Germany propaganda posters can express and perform Nazi idealism very well. These posters' topic was simple but clearly. In these posters, you can also find many slogans, gesticulates, marks, and symbols again and again. The colors of posters can make strong effect. These posters designers cannot present their personal style for the limit from Nazi institution, but still perform the capability and aesthetics concept of designers. This article also concluded differences of some common topic between Allied Nation and Nazi Germany.

並列關鍵字

Nazi Germany ； propaganda poster ； political propaganda ； war poster ； Hitler