Surveillance and Control of Aedes Aegypti in Epidemic Areas of Taiwan

台灣登革熱流行地區之病媒蚊監視與防治

林鼎翔(Ting-Hsiang Lin)

《The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences》 10卷12_S期 (1994/12) Pp. 88-93

https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199412.0088

摘要

埃及斑蚊爲台灣地區登革熱主要病媒蚊，分布在台灣西南部平原，北回歸線以南，靠近沿海各鄉鎮。近年來台灣地區登革熱之流行均發生在埃及斑蚊分布之南部地區。1987年登革熱爆發流行時，由七月到十二月南部五縣市的埃及斑蚊平均幼蟲密度爲每100戶住家2,284隻，後經防治逐年下降爲l,580、671、442、178、110及88隻。1988年登革熱發生最嚴重之25鄉鎮市區，確定病例與埃及斑蚊布氏指數間以極顯著相關(r=074)。爲有效監視登革熱病媒蚊密度，衛生署預防醫學研究所自1989年開始分八期訓練地方局所人員共176人，負責各轄區病媒蚊之監視工作。每年辦理登革熱病媒蚊密度之鄉鎮數自1990-1993年各爲116、149、254、156。當醫師報告有疑似登革熱病例時，病人住家及工作地點50公尺半徑範圍內均立即實施殺蟲劑之空間噴灑，處理戶數1991-1993年各爲43,183、11,186及4,856戶，登革熱病媒蚊布氏指數高於35之村里則於戶內牆壁上噴灑殘效性殺蟲劑，處理戶數1990-1993年各爲4,735、32,279、33,726及17,848戶。經由噴灑殺蟲劑與環保單位清除孳生源之共同努力，台灣南部五縣市埃及斑蚊之布氏指數，已由1990年之23.2，逐年下降爲9.0、9.4、1.0。

並列摘要

Aedes aegypti is the main, if not the only, vector of dengue fever hi Taiwan. The dengue epidemics that have occurred in Taiwan correlate pith the distribution of Aedes aegypti which is limited to south of the Tropic of Cancer. During the 1987 outbreak of dengue fever in Taiwan, the average larval density for the months July-December in the five cities and counties of southern Taiwan was 2,284 larvae per 100 households. After control measures were taken, the average annunal larval density in the years from 1988 to 1993 declined to 1,580, 671, 442, 178, 110, and 88 larvae per 100 households, respectively. During 1987-1988, the number of confirmed cases and the Breteau index of Aedes aegypti showed an obvious positive relationship (r=0.74) in the most heavily infected 25 cities and towns. Our Institute has conducted eight training courses since 1989 for 176 health workers who serve in their respective areas as local scouts for monitoring Aedes larval density. The number of cities and towns surveyed by them in the years 1990-1993 was 116, 149, 254, and 156, respectively. The number of households covered by space spraying with permethrin was 43, 183 in 1991, 11,186 in 1992 and 4,856 in 1993. Residual spraying with alphacypermethrin was applied to houses in areas where the Breteau index was above 35. The number of houses treated in the years 1990-1993 was 4,735, 32,279, 33,726 and 17,848, respectively. Through source reduction supplemented by insecticide spraying, the average Breteau index of Aedes aegypti in the five cities and counties dropped to 23.2 in 1990, 9.0 in 1991, 9.4 in 1992, and 1.0 in 1993.

並列關鍵字

Aedes aegypti ； larval density ； Taiwan