詩法即其兵法：明代中後期武將詩學義蘊探詮

"The Art of Poetry is Equal to the Art of War": A Study of Military Officers' Poetry during the Later Half of Ming Period

廖肇亨(Chao-Heng Liao)

《明代研究》 16期 (2011/06) Pp. 29-56

https://doi.org/10.29971/JMS.201106.0002

摘要

明代武將詩人之眾，為明代中後期文學史及文化史的特殊現象。以文學史的角度來看，武將詩開創了新的美學典律；而從文化史的面向來看，則武將詩反映出兵學與當時詩風、文風、學風跨界書寫的文化特殊性。本文首先以錢謙益、湯顯祖等人論武將詩的說法，探討武將詩「詩法即其兵法」的美學理論。接著以明代中後期著名的武將而能詩者：萬表、戚繼光、陳第，蠡探武將詩所反映的價值理念與學術思潮，進一步探討武將詩所體現之明代中後期跨界展演的文化書寫，與經學、理學、佛教各種學術思想的交融滲透，此乃文化史中不可忽略的現象。此外，武將詩與明代格調派的詩學論述之依違關係，則呈現出詩學史上的意義。由是，本文最後為武將詩作一價值再探，認為武將的詩歌世界反映了當時歷史潮流與文化風尚，不僅帶入邊塞風物、朝政得失，更重要的是其提供了一種重新觀照文學定義與疆界的嶄新角度，摸索一種嶄新理論話語的可能性。

關鍵字

武將詩 ； 萬表 ； 戚繼光 ； 陳第 ； 詩法 ； 兵法

並列摘要

This article focuses on the poetry of military officers in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. The poetry of military officers not only created a new canon of poetics, but also reflected the combination of the art of war, prose, and scholarship popular at the time. First, this study cites Qian Qian-yi and Tang Xian-zu's theories that the art of poetry is equal to the art of war. Next, the article explores the case studies of military officer poets Wan Biao, Qi Ji-guang and Chen Di, and analyzes their poetry which is infused with allusions to the Confucian Classics (jing xue), Neo-Confucianism (li xue) and Buddhism. In addition, military officers' poetry connects with the Ge-diao school, which is important in poetic history. Finally, this article re-evaluates military officers' poetry, concluding that it embodies historical and cultural currents of its time period, while also providing new definitions of literature.

並列關鍵字

Military Officer poetry ； Wan Biao ； Qi Ji-guang ； Chen Di ； art of poetry shi fa ； art of war bing fa

參考文獻

(1997)。四庫全書存目叢書。臺南:莊嚴文化。

合山究(2006)。明清時代の女性と文學。東京:汲古書院。

林麗月(2006)。大雅將還：從「蘇樣」服飾看晚明的消費文化。明史研究論叢。2006(6)，121-134。

巫仁恕(2007)。品味奢華：晚明的消費社會與士大夫。臺北:聯經出版社。

清錢謙益、清錢曾箋注、錢仲聯標校(2003)。錢牧齋全集。上海:上海古籍出版社。