從結構觀點解讀西廂記的美學意識

歷年來雖然研究西廂者眾多，但大致都偏向敘事結構為主，本論文以王實甫董王合刊本《西廂記》為研究對象，分析人物形象、情節結構、語言藝術，解構戲曲的象徵所暗示的普遍性意義。先探討結構主義的緣由與語意象徵；以二元對立的形式，分析戲劇中人物角色間之關係，將戲曲結構細部作分解為：場景對比、人物對比、危機與生機對比、創造性與命定性愛情對比、語言藝術對比、私定終生與社會認同對比等六項重點，探討戲曲小說創作者思想底蘊，運用瓦解與重組的過程，將語意因子(mytheme)，根據語言的貫時性和同時性做重新排列組合，檢視它們的關係，將發現其中蘊涵的意義非文字表面所呈現的，透過文學之表現－象徵作細部解析，歸納結果闡述其寓意，期將西廂記中之文藝美學建構新的風貌。

關鍵字

結構主義；二元對立；西廂記；象徵；美學

並列摘要

Over the years, there are many scholars study the Chinese traditional classic ”The Western Chamber Romance”. However their research mostly focused on its narrative skills. This paper attempts to probe into this specific work through totally different angles; that is, through the discussion of its characterization, the usage of structuralism, art of language, the paper aims not only to deconstruct the whole work, but also to illustrate its universal connotation. Firstly, the paper deals with the origin of deconstruction thinking and the employment of its symbolism in language. And then through the binary opposition structure, the play is closely analyzed from six perspectives: the opposition of settings, the opposition of characters, the opposition between crisis and transitional turning point, the opposition between creative and destructive love, the opposition of language, and the opposition between individual promise for marriage and its social recognition. With these six ways of reading, the underlined meaning and the essence of the writer's inner thinking are expected to be revealed. And also through the synchronical and diachronical concern and discussion upon the high refined technique of the writer, the aesthetic achievement and essence of the writer is thus hopefully to be newly reconstructed and fully demonstrated.