醫院從業人員工作特質與疲勞關係之探討

Association between Work Characteristics and Burnout among Hospital Staff in Taiwan

林木泉(Mu-Chuan Lin) ； 吳鏘亮(Chiang-Liang Wu) ； 陳俊賢(Hsun-Hsien Chen) ； 李仁傑(Jen-Chieh Lee) ； 陳福士(Fu-Shih Chen)

《醫務管理期刊》 10卷2期 (2009/06) Pp. 93-110

https://doi.org/10.6174/JHM2009.10(2).93

摘要

目的：台灣社會近年來高度重現病人安全議題，而疲勞的醫院從業人員可能危及病人的安全。本研究探討醫院從業人員疲勞（一般疲勞、工作疲勞、服務疲勞）的情況，及工作特質（工作負荷、工作控制、每週平均工時）對這三種疲勞的影響。
方法：採用橫斷性問卷調查法，以分佈全國之14家「環台聯盟」醫院之主治醫師、醫技、護理、行政從業人員爲對象，共曆出1,795份，回收有效問卷1,686份。以無母數統計進行差異分析，皮爾森相關分析法驗證相關性，並以複迴歸分析找出顯著影響因子。
結果：受訪樣本三種疲勞指數均高於全國常模（一般疲勞56.5vs.32.9、工作疲勞52.8vs.28.4、服務疲勞40.1vs.30.5）。東區醫院從業人員三種疲勞指數最低（一般疲勞48.2、服務疲勞47.1、工作疲勞34.5)，護理人員與每週工作超過49小時者三種疲勞指數最高。三種疲勞與工作負荷及每週平均工時顯著正相關，與工作控制爲顯著負相關。工作負荷、工作控制與每週平均工時爲一般疲勞之顯著影響因子，工作負荷與每週平均工時爲工作疲勞之顯著影響因子，工作控制與每週平均工時爲服務疲勞之顯著影響因子。
結論：健康的醫院從業人員，才能提供安全的醫療服務，建議醫院應設計合理的人員調度機制，落實員工健康管理計畫，建置舒適安全的工作環境，以有效降低疲勞感。

關鍵字

醫院從業人員 ； 工作特質 ； 工作負荷 ； 工作控制 ； 疲勞

並列摘要

Objectives: Concerns have been expressed that hospital staff members at risk of burnout may jeopardize the safety of patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the burnout status of hospital staff members and its correlations with work characteristics (job demands, job control, and weekly work hours) in hospitals across Taiwan.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 14 regional hospitals that are members of the ”Around Taiwan Health Care Alliance.” Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a representative sample of 1,795 hospital staff members. Of these, a total of 1,686 valid questionnaires underwent statistical analysis.
Results: The findings showed that the burnout scores of hospital staff members were higher than the national averages (personal burnout: 56.5 vs. 32.9; work-related burnout: 52.8 vs. 28.4; client-related burnout: 40.1 vs. 30.5). The burnout scores of hospital staff members in eastern Taiwan were the lowest across the island (personal burnout: 48.2; work-related burnout: 47.1; client-related burnout: 34.5). Nurses and hospital staff members working more than 49 hours per week exhibited the highest burnout scores. The levels of burnout were positively associated with job demands and weekly work hours and negatively associated with job control. Job demands, job control, and weekly work hours were important determinants of personal burnout; job demands and weekly work hours were significant to work-related burnout, whereas job control and weekly work hours were significant to client-related burnout.
Conclusions: High-quality service is provided only by healthy hospital staff members. Hospital managers should make every effort to create a decent work environment and promote a staff health plan to alleviate burnout.

並列關鍵字

Hospital staff ； Work characteristics ； Job demands ； Job control ； Burnout

參考文獻

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工作環境安全衛生狀況認知調查－2007年

張晏蓉、葉婉榆、陳春萬、陳秋蓉、石東生、鄭雅文(2007)。台灣受僱者疲勞狀況的分布狀況與相關因素。台灣衛誌。26(1)，75-86。

心職場運動－營造健康快樂職場