由墓誌銘看唐代河北“邢洺區”家族遷葬狀況

本文據前人對唐代士族「中央官僚化」的研究成果，以唐代河北道邢、洺、磁等三州地區（以下簡稱「邢洺區」）所收墓誌銘主為例作區域研究。邢洺區所在正是河北道南部，河北道不但是唐代華北經濟重心之一，中古士族頗多在此道，而且邢洺區又是位於河北南側往洛陽乃至長安的太行東麓要道上，地勢一馬平川。本區多數的墓誌主階層，在進入中央官僚化後的唐代，「小姓」以上的墓誌主階層容易受到河北在地士族中央官僚化影響，即令小姓階層財力可能不及士族階層優渥，但遷葬兩京可能對自己或族人、子孫在政治升遷上較有利，再加上經濟及文化、生活上等之吸引力，也隨之遷葬兩京，這也是可從墓誌銘中看出本區當時文化特性之一。相反地至少由本文所收得的墓誌銘來看，顯示了高祖至肅宗朝時期邢洺區三州選擇葬本地的家族，有將近一半比例未能進入國家官僚體系，跟遷葬兩京但舊貫是本區的墓誌主階層幾乎至少有一代以上能進入基層官僚體系，形成強烈對比。但本文也發現這些案例約三分之二是即令遷葬兩京，大多也只能基層官僚體系中世代輪迴。所以高祖至肅宗朝時期時，本區小姓階層若能跟隨士族遷葬兩京，可能多數尚能當中央乃至各地方的基層官僚，可是他們若不選擇去兩京一帶奔走，可能連謀個一官半職的機會都會減少，未來可能便會在本區逐漸沒落，這一點至少由本文所收墓誌案例上幾乎都看出他們呈現任官品級隨世代遞減的現象。但那些遷居兩京的後代子孫，約在安史亂後，也出現數個案例，是連續三、四個世代都無法再進入官僚體制的情境。

關鍵字

唐代；唐宋變革；河北；邢洺區；墓誌銘

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is merely trying to discuss the ”middle class” in the Xinģminģ area of Hébeǐ in the Tang dynasty based on previous research achievements. It was suggestible by locomotive inhumation to Luò-yanģ 洛陽 and Chanģ-an長安 of the ”upper class” through epitaphs. The author has found that almost a half ratio of the ”middle class” who had not been inhumed to these areas could not participate into the bureaucratic system and that their social status could not be secured in the future. However, the author proposes those who had even been inhumed to these areas, approximately two-thirds of them, and even been their offspring could only stay in the lower bureaucratic system. These families and their offspring could not participate into the bureaucratic system after the An-Shǐ rebellion.