析論朱子和弟子程洵思想的異同－以兩人對蘇學的看法為討論核心

歷來學者論及朱門弟子，往往帶著墨守師說的刻板印象，實則朱門弟子之思想，未必盡合於朱子思維。程洵是朱子內弟，份屬師生，程洵深喜蘇軾、蘇轍之說，對二程或有批判，朱子則尊崇二程，貶斥蘇學。程洵的學術觀點，曾有一番轉折，若按照程曈〈程克庵傳〉所言，程洵早年同時肯認程、蘇之說，後則契入孔、孟、濂、洛之學。不過，考察兩人書信可知，程洵尚有一個肯定蘇學，批評程學的階段。另外，程洵最後是否真的摒棄蘇學，此亦有待商榷。

關鍵字

朱熹；程洵；二蘇；二程

並列摘要

Whenever Zhu Xi's students are discussed, they are usually believed to hold on stereotypically to their teacher's views; in fact this may not be true because sometimes they keep their individual perspectives, not faithfully conforming to Zhu Xi's thoughts. Chen Xun, though Zhu Xi's brother, is also his student. Chen Xun likes very much the Su Brothers' philosophy but holds a critical attitude toward the Chen Brothers'; Zhu Xi, however, respects very much the Chen Brothers' thoughts but criticizes those of the Su Brothers. It is worth noting that Chen Xun's academic viewpoints have twists and turns. According to Chen Ton's ”The Biography of Chen Ke-An”, Chen Xu agrees in early days with both the Chen Brothers' and the Su Brothers' thoughts; later in his life, he subsumes thoughts of Confucius, Mencius, Zhou Dunyi and the Chen Brothers. Nevertheless, when investigating the corresponding letters between Zhu Xi and Chen Xun, scholars find that the latter goes through the stages of supporting the Su Brothers' views to negating the Chen Brothers'. To be sure, it still needs effort to make sure whether Chen Xun really gives up the Su Brothers' philosophy.