台灣南部區域群聚的產業發展與空間分布之研究

Industrial Development and Spatial Distribution of Regional Clusters in Southern Taiwan

閻永祺(Yung-Chi Yen) ； 孔憲法(Shiann-Far Kung) ； 王鳳生(Leonard F.S. Wang)

《公共事務評論》 10卷2期 (2009/12) Pp. 109-145

https://doi.org/10.29622/JPAR.200912.0004

摘要

台灣經濟發展過程中，區域發展不均衡、貧富差距等問題，一直是學界的關注焦點，以往政府思考解決方式，主要是以設置科學園區、創新育成中心、投資科技產業作爲主要政策，相對忽略南部區域產業結構與發展特性之問題。本文認爲產業群聚發展應根據不同空間結構的產業發展結構與上下游產業完整性，進行整合性思維以建立「植根性」產業，並以此爲核心發展產業群聚。因此以具有競爭優勢的驅動產業部門所形成的上下游產業群聚，可透過其本身與地方產業網絡有非常緊密結合，不僅是地方經濟與産業結構演化的核心，更是思考未來區域產業發展的關鍵。經由模型實證與資料分析發現，南部區域之產業結構仍以工業爲主，服務業在就業比例有逐漸上升之趨勢。工業部門中具有競爭優勢之驅動產業包括有「飲料」、「加工食品」、「化工原料」、「石油煉製品」、「塑膠」、「鋼鐵」等六個產業部門，並可整合出「食品飲料」、「石化」、「鋼鐵」三大產業群聚，不同於政府預計發展之高科技產業。群聚內部呈現複雜之上下游供給與需求關係，空間分佈呈現集中且在台南與高雄都會區之間形成一個明顯的發展軸帶，並以此軸線爲核心各分別向南北發展。整合以上研究成果，本文建議以台南與高雄都會區爲區域發展核心，產業政策可朝向升級既有「石化」與「鋼鐵」群聚及擴大「食品飲料」生產網絡結合朝向農業生技產業，並以此三大群聚結合文化創意產業、海洋產業、光電產業。

關鍵字

驅動產業 ； 產業群聚 ； 空間規劃 ； 區域發展

並列摘要

Throughout the process of Taiwanese economic development, the uneven distribution of regional development and economic growth as well as income continues to be a key issue in government and academia. The past ways to solve these problems were to build science parks, innovation center, and invest high-tech industries in contrast to neglecting the industrial structure and characteristics of Taiwan Southern region. We think the development of industrial cluster should build the driver industries based on the integrate consideration of the transformation of industrial structure and the completeness of upstream and downstream industries on different spatial structure. Therefore, the competitive industrial cluster formed by the driver industry and its complete supplier and customer industries, are not only the core of the revolution of local economy and industrial structure, but also the key concept to think regional industrial development in terms of intense integration with local industrial network. By the empirical model, we found the main industrial structure of Taiwan southern region is based on the manufacturing including ”Beverages Manufacturing”, ”Food Manufacturing”, ”Chemical Manufacturing”, ”Petrochemical Products”, ”Plastic Manufacturing”, ”Iron and Steel Manufacturing” in which it is extracted to ”Food-Beverages Cluster”, ”Plastic- Chemical Cluster”, ”Iron and Steel Cluster” and different with the high-tech industries. The clusters have complex relationships and concentrated between Tainan and Kahousing metropolitan. Moreover, its development has the trend toward the north and south direction separately from the core of Tainan and Kahousing metropolitan. We suggest the future industrial policy can be upgrading and extending the three existing clusters with cultural, ocean, and optoelectric industries.

並列關鍵字

Driver Industries ； Industrial Cluster ； Spatial Planning ； Regional Development