- 期刊
Functional Adaptation of Bone
具自行適應功能的骨骼
摘要
骨骼對力學刺激、營養改變及傷害復原可自行適應。營養的鈣質與維他命在維持骨骼的健壯扮演著重要角色，但是，高脂肪的營養則可能導致骨質的流失。通常，運動能幫助骨質的維持，對抗骨質疏鬆症。然而，勤奮努力的運動亦會使骨組織造成傷害的作用，特別對於未發育完全的骨骼。此負面結果的運動也有可能與飲食有關聯，如：營養蛋白質的缺乏對骨骼的發展有害；經密集運動一段時間，骨質的（負面）重塑作用。骨質的重塑作用可有益於組織的修復，但是，如果在關節受傷後，以緩慢地對其改變負荷，雖可以刺激重塑過程，卻對該關節有負面的影響。例如：膝關節前十字肕帶的受傷常導致關節炎，而使關節周圍疏鬆骨質提早改變，致使關節炎惡化。這些因素的任何一個都會影響骨骼的特性，可是，其機制仍不能清楚地將有關骨骼對其所處環境的反應、及其受物理刺激或傷害復原的情形作解釋。為了瞭解為何不同程度的運動有益於或具傷害骨骼的作用？以及為何改變關節的負載會形成關節周圍骨質結構的變化？以骨骼反應來解釋其力學環境之機制必須加以探討。
並列摘要
Bone adapts to altered mechanical stimuli, dietary changes, or injury. Dietary calcium and vitamins play significant roles in maintaining skeletal health, but high-fat diets may contribute to osteopenia. Exercise, generally, helps to maintain bone mass and counter osteoporosis, but highly strenuous exercise can also have detrimental effects on bone-particularly for immature bone. Negative exercise effects may also be linked to diet, as insufficient dietary protein can impair bone development and remodeling during periods of intense exercise. Bone remodeling can contribute to tissue repair, but chronically altered loading after a joint injury can stimulate remodeling processes that negatively influence the joint. Anterior cruciate ligament injury at the knee, for example, commonly leads to osteoarthritis, and early changes in the periarticular cancellous bone may contribute to the development of knee osteoarthritis. Each of these factors can influence skeletal health, but the mechanisms remain unclear by which bone interprets its environment and responds to physical stimuli or injury. To understand why different levels of exercise are beneficial or detrimental and why altered joint loading leads to changes in periarticular bone structure, underlying mechanisms must be understood by which bone interprets its mechanical environment. Mechanical stimuli, diet, and injury have potent influences on skeletal health and function, but the underlying mechanisms for these adaptations are incompletely understood. Here, we review our research that provides important insights into bone adaptation processes.