學系精博特徵與學職契連特徵：從類型論到特徵論

高等教育向來有兩種原型：文理、專業。2000～2005年間，「文理－專業」亦成為卡內基高等教育機構分類之重要類別，以反映社會對高等教育的不滿。然而，「文理－專業別」是一種相對粗略的說法，不僅混雜了多重面向，也將複雜現實過於簡化為「類別」。本研究以O*NET知識量尺為工具，採用O*NET資料庫與大考中心全國學系調查之次級資料，建構出學系「精博特徵」與「學職契連特徵」之測量指標。研究結果顯示，此二學系特徵在信度、聚斂效度、區別效度與效標關聯效度皆有良好表現，而且，相較於文理－專業別，學系特徵對進修與求職兩類效標，有更高、更穩定與更細緻之預測力。最後，本文亦討論了實徵結果對教育政策之意涵，以及文理基礎學科的因應策略。

關鍵字

生涯；社會參與；特徵模式；高等教育

並列摘要

In histories, there are two archetypes in higher education: Liberal Art & Science school (LA&S) and Professional school (PROF). In 2000-2005, in order to reflect the public un-satisfaction to higher education, Carnegie Foundation began to add the LA& S-PROF dimension into her classification of institutions of higher education. However, LA&S-PROF type is a rough concept. It not only mixes multiple meaning, but also simplifies the continuous scale into nominal scale. Using the survey data of College Entrance Examination Center (CEEC), the knowledge scale and the database of O*NET, this paper try to propose two department characteristics and their measurement index: ”Program Breadth-Depth Characteristic & School-Work Correspondence Characteristic”. Empirical results show that these two department characteristics have good performance in stability reliability test, convergent validity test, discriminant validity test and criterion-related validity test. Moreover, these two department characteristics have better, stable and meticulous predictive power than LA&S-PROF type at the two kind of criterion variables: job seeking behavior and acceptance rate of graduate program. Implementations for higher education policy and for LA&S school are discussed.