「新編青少年強項量表」之編製與驗證

本研究之目的為發展「新編青少年強項量表」並進行信效度驗證。首先，經文獻探討歸納核心強項，據此擬出題目。預試以立意取樣抽取212名國中生，經項目分析、探索性因素以及信度分析形成正式量表。接著，以分層便利取樣，涵蓋全臺灣北、中、南、東區國中生共1,147人。信效度部分，總量表Cronbach's α係數為.97，各分量表介於.76～.90，顯示具良好內部一致性。建構效度部分為2階11個因素，3個2階因素為：「自己」、「他人」、「事情」，11個因素為：「自我尊重」、「情緒自覺」、「樂觀」、「同理」、「寬恕」、「感恩」、「做人」、「愛」、「創造力」、「毅力」、「自我控制」，整體適配度在可接受範圍內；再以「生活滿意度」、「復原力」作效標，發現具良好的同時效度。此外，本研究發現，女生在「他人」強項高於男生，例如：「同理」、「感恩」、「做人」與「愛」；年級較高者在「事情」強項表現較佳，例如：「毅力」和「自我控制」。

關鍵字

正向心理學；青少年；強項

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to develop and construct validity of the ＂New Inventory of Adolescents' Strengths (NIAS)＂. The researchers used 212 participants by using purposive sampling in the pretest to conduct item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. Then, used another 1,147 participants by using stratified convenience sampling method to conduct confirmatory factor analysis and criterion-related validity. Results indicated that the inventory's construct validity and reliability are acceptable. The Cronbach's α was from .76 to .90. Three second-order factors (Self, Other, and Things) and 11 first factors (self-esteem, emotion self-awareness, optimism, empathy, forgiveness, gratitude, person-making, love, creativity, persistence, and self-control) were derived from the final 50-item. The study also employed ＂the Satisfaction with Life Scale＂ and ＂Inventory of Adolescent Resilience＂ as criterions. The results of criterion-related validity revealed good. In the background variables, it was shown that girls outperformed boys on ＂Others＂, like ＂empathy＂, ＂gratitude＂, ＂person-making＂, and ＂love＂; and elder students outperformed youngers on ＂Things＂, like ＂persistence＂, and ＂self-control＂.