佐藤春夫的譯詩「海韻」之探討

『玉笛譜』的「譯者備忘錄」一文中提到，佐藤春夫所翻譯的「海韻」是在那20年前左右，改造社在出版『中國文學號』之際，向作者徐志摩邀稿時所寄來的詩作。佐藤春夫受改造社請託翻譯之後，要出版『玉笛譜』時，「因為原文與其當初有些出入」而作了「改譯」。然而，資料卻顯示在收錄於『玉笛譜』之前，已經改譯過一次。而且，這次改譯雖然比第一次改譯多了一些，但意思上相異之處卻只有一個單字。而此單字看來並不是因為徐志摩的「原文與其當初有些出入」，而是因為佐藤春夫發現自己的翻譯與原詩的意思有出入使然。再者，第一次改譯時，譯詩旁邊寫著「－中國近代詩之一例－」，顯示出「海韻」的時代性。然而，此譯詩卻是唯一被放在佐藤春夫以翻譯「唐宋名家」大作為主的『玉笛譜』之中的中國近代詩。這不禁令人覺得佐藤春夫有其特別的想法或用意。因此，筆者試圖透過本篇小論來釐清：改造社何以委託佐藤春夫翻譯「海韻」？原詩「海韻」到底是什麼樣的詩？佐藤春夫是以什麼樣的心情翻譯的？又是為何改譯？以及三首譯詩間有何差異？等問題。

關鍵字

「海韻」；徐志摩；佐藤春夫；翻譯；改譯

並列摘要

According to ＂the translator's notes＂ of the book ＂The Jade Flute Score＂, the ＂Sea Rhyme＂ translated by Haruo Sato was the poem which Jhihmo Syu sent to the KAIZOU publisher, when the KAIZOU publisher wanted to publish ＂Chinese Literature Collection＂ about 20 years ago. After Haruo Sato was commissioned to translate ＂Sea Rhyme＂ into Japanese by the KAIZOU publisher, he made a revision before he put it into the book ＂The Jade Flute Score＂, because of some differences in the original poem. However, it appeared that there had been a revision before the poem was added into ＂The Jade Flute Score＂. Although there were more changes in the translation than the first revision, there was only one word different from the first and the second translations in the meaning. This difference of the word was not because the original poem of Jhihmo Syu had been changed, but because Haruo Sato noticed his translation of this word was different from Jhihmo Syu's original poem. In addition, in the first revision, beside the translation wrote ＂one of the examples of Chinese modern-style poetry＂. It showed the characteristics of the times of ＂Sea Rhyme＂. Nevertheless, this translation was the only poem put in ＂The Jade Flute Score＂, which was mainly about ＂the prestigious poets in Tang and Sung Dynasty＂. It made us think that Haruo Sato had special thoughts and purposes. In my thesis, I will clarify why Haruo Sato was commissioned by KAIZOU publisher to translate ＂Sea Rhyme＂. Then, I will show what kind of the original poem ＂Sea Rhyme＂ is and in what kind of mood when Haruo Sato translated it. Finally, I will show why Haruo Sato made the revision, and the changes between the three translations.