殖民地台灣的偵探小說論－以福田昌夫為例

1930年代，台灣處於日本統治之下，文學創作與其他領域同樣，以後追日本文學的方式發展，偵探小說也不例外。當時在台灣島內使用的書寫語言有日語、漢語（白話、官話）等諸多語言版本，各個共同體以其語言發行雜誌、書籍，呈現非常複雜的情況。其中《台灣鐵道》是為了在台日本人發行的綜合性日文雜誌。顧名思義，這本雜誌主要針對在台從事鐵道相關業務的人員發行，而福田昌夫便在其中發表了為數不少的偵探小說。先人研究指出，福田昌夫似乎是鐵道公司的職員之一，然其個人詳細經歷未明，尚無定論。其偵探小說〈二將軍之壁畫〉〈魔鬼椅子事件〉中，日本著名偵探小說家江戶川亂步對其影響之鉅可見一斑；除此之外，作品中亦出現福爾摩斯、魯邦等西方偵探小說中的人物名稱。依上述所言，在殖民地台灣日人所發表的偵探小說是否具其獨特性？若是如此，我們從福田昌夫的小說又可見出何種創作意圖？本論文將依據這些問題意識，首先針對其作品所刊載的媒體《台灣鐵道》進行分析，再則討論福田昌夫各部著作，以理解台灣日治時期偵探小說的特質。

關鍵字

福田昌夫；《台灣鐵道》；殖民地台灣的偵探小說；〈兩個將軍的壁畫〉〈魔鬼椅子事件〉

並列摘要

Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan during the 1930s influenced and brought changes to many areas, and the development of literature in Taiwan was no exception. During that time, magazines and newspapers were published in different languages, namely, Mandarin, Japanese, and Taiwanese. In many ethnic communities, the publication of magazines was controlled by the Japanese rulers, and one of such publication was the magazine Taiwan Tetsudo. The paper discusses the magazine Taiwan Tetsudo, which contained different types of articles and was published by employees of the then Railway Ministry under the Office of the Governor-General. Another focus of this paper is the Japanese writer Masao FUKUDA. Fukuda was a Japanese resident in Taiwan who, as an amateur writer, wrote and published detective fiction; he played an important role in the publication of Taiwan Tetsudo during the 1930s. Apart from the use of parody and mimicry, Fukuda's works are more significant for their story telling from the perspective of colonial Japan. While the victims and murders in Fukuda's stories were mostly Taiwanese or indigenous people, many of the detectives were Japanese, and they used scientific methods to solve murder mysteries. This paper explores how the writer Masao FUKUDA wrote detective fictions from the perspective of a Japanese colonial ruler.