從感謝表現看思維的變化

Transition of Ideas in the Expressions of Gratitude

田島優(Tajima Masaru)

《台大日本語文研究》 17期 (2009/06) Pp. 15-28

https://doi.org/10.6183/ntujp.2009.17.15

摘要

日文中的感謝表現並不是一開始就以感謝表現爲前提成立，而是由某詞語與某種帶有否定意味的語素互相結合而成的合成語，抑或是轉用其語形所變化而來。以歷史角度來看其思維的變化歷程，可以查知以下的變化：＜自我感情的表現＞(カタジヶナイ)→＜評價對方行爲＞(アリガタシ•リョガイナ)→＜體諒對方的表現＞(ミョウガナイ•モツタイナイ)。本來用於謝罪表現的「スミマセン」現在多用於感謝表現的情形，可以與＜體諒對方的表現＞的思維來做連結思考。

關鍵字

感謝表現 ； 合成語 ； 思維的變化 ； 體諒的表現 ； スミマセン

並列摘要

Expressions of gratitude in Japanese haven't originally appeared as literal expressions of gratitude. They have been formed as compounds of morphemes of negative meanings. The meaning of gratitude is a diversion from the original meaning of each compounds. Historically, the idea of the diversion appeared to have followed the transition: Utterance of one's feeling, e.g. katajikenai ＞ Appreciation to the addressee's action, e.g. arigatashi, ryogaina ＞ Consideration to the addressee, e.g. myohganai, mottainai. The fact that sumimasen, one of the expressions for apology, is often used to express gratitude has a connection with the idea of expressing consideration to the addressee.

並列關鍵字

Expressions of gratitude ； Compounds ； Transition of ideas ； Consideration to the addressee ； Sumimasen