學齡期高功能自閉症兒童的心智理論能力表現

本研究為了解學齡期高功能自閉症兒童與一般正常兒童在不同層次心智理論能力上的表現差異及得分型態的不同。共有27名高功能自閉症學齡兒童及27名一般兒童參與研究，受試者接受心智理論測驗以評估其三個層次的心智理論能力，所得結果再以t檢定及卡方考驗進行統計分析。結果顯示高功能自閉症兒童的各項得分皆顯著低於一般兒童。得分型態方面，解讀他人諷刺言詞的真正含意時，以問答方式得分的比率，自閉症兒童為68.35%，一般兒童為90.48%。在理解隱喻的動機推論部份，以問答方式得分的比率，自閉症兒童為9.52%，一般兒童則為50%。可見高功能自閉症兒童到了學齡期，各層次的心智理論能力仍有缺損，且較難自行進行心智理論推測，比起一般同齡者更需要透過提示來正確推論他人的想法與動機。

關鍵字

高功能自閉症；心智理論；學齡兒童

並列摘要

This study examined differences in scoring patterns and performance on the Theory of Mind test between 27 school-aged children with a diagnosis of high-functioning autism and 27 age-matched normal children. Researchers recorded and scored the children's oral responses and data were analyzed by the t-test and chi-square test. We found that the scores of children with high-functioning autism were significantly lower than those of normal children. In addition, we found that 68.4% of children with high-functioning autism could explain the meaning of sarcasm compared with 90.5% of normal children. Moreover, only 9.5% of children with autism could explain the meaning of metaphors compared with 50% of normal children. These findings reveal that the theory of mind is impaired in school-aged children with high-functioning autism. Our results also show that these children require more prompts to understand others' thoughts and motivations correctly than normal children at the same age.

並列關鍵字

High-Functioning Autism ； Theory of Mind ； school-age children

國際替代計量

學齡期高功能自閉症兒童的心智理論能力表現

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