台中地區蚊類及街犬感染犬心絲蟲之調查

Survey on Dirofilaria Immitis from Mosquitoes and Stray Dogs in Taichung Area

鍾成侑(Chen-Yuo Chung) ； 張時獻(Shih-Hsien Chang) ； 董光中(Kwong-Chung Tung) ； 李衛民(Wei-Ming Lee) ； 鄭豐邦(Feng-Pang Cheng) ； 杜武俊(Wu-Jun Tu) ； 曾秋隆(Chu-Lung Tsang) ； 鍾楊聰(Yang-Tsung Chung) ； 王俊秀(Jiunn-Shiow Wang) ； 周明智(Ming-Chi Chou)

《中山醫學雜誌》 16卷2期 (2005/12) Pp. 179-194

https://doi.org/10.30096/CSMJ.200512.0001

摘要

目的：本研究自2002年三月至2004年九月，針對台中地區犬心絲蟲寄生病媒蚊的感染率進行研究調查。
方法：研究初期，創建一套生物性誘蚊捕集器，誘集不同時間出沒之蚊種，以顯微鏡解剖或貝氏分離幼蟲法檢查病媒蚊。以誘蚊產卵方式調查病媒蚊之族群數量。所收集之街犬血液以血液厚片篩檢、PCR及Nested PCR進行確定檢測。
結果：主要之蚊種為熱帶家蚊(87.75%)，其次為糠蚊(11.83%)及白線斑蚊(0.42%)。結果於1,877隻熱帶家蚊及9隻白線斑蚊中未檢出犬心絲蟲微絲蟲，兩者帶原率為0。日間病媒蚊誘集方面，白線斑蚊的成蟲誘集數量明顯偏低，誘蚊產卵方式調查病媒蚊之族群數量，其調查結果至目前為止誘蚊產卵率為0。另外於台中地區所捕獲之32隻街犬，進行血液厚片鏡檢結果，血液中含有微絲蟲的數量為0，街犬全血萃取DNA進行PCR檢查結果有2隻呈陽性反應，感染率為6.25%，Nested PCR檢測結果有8隻呈陽性反應，感染率為25%。
結論：台中地區為街犬犬心絲蟲高陽性率，但血液中微絲蟲低帶原率，導致病媒蚊感染率偏低。

關鍵字

誘蚊捕集器 ； 病媒蚊 ； 街犬 ； 犬心絲蟲

並列摘要

Purpose: In this study we surveyed the infected ratio of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy) (Spirurida: Filariidae) in mosquitoes in Taichung area from March of 2002 to September of 2004. In the beginning of this study, we designed a mosquito-trap for collecting mosquitoes during day- and night-time. The results revealed that Culex quinquefasciatus (Say), Culicoides austeni and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) were 87.75%, 11.83% and 0.42%, respectively. Under micro-inspection and examination of Bach's method, there were no larva of Dirofilaria immitis found in 1,877 Culex quinquefasciatus and 9 Aedes albopictus collected and examined in this study. Low Aedes albopictus were found during the day time. In addition, the ovulation of caught mosquitoes was zero. Thirty two stray dogs were collected peripheral blood samples for the examination of microfilaria (L3) infection. The result indicated there was no microfilaria found in these 32 spray dogs. Furthermore whole blood samples were collected for D. immitis examination by PCR and the result indicated that two blood samples were positive reaction to D. immitis which was a prevalence of 6.25%. There were positive reactions in eight samples to D. immitis by nested PCR for detail examination that indicated an infectious rate of 25%. The results of our study indicated that low intensity of natural vectors in Taichung area, and the stray dogs investigated in Taichung area has low prevalence of D. immitis. Although the stray dogs appeared high antigen detected rate, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus may not be an effective vector for heartworm transmission. It might indicate mosquitoes may not play a predominant role on the transmission of Dirofilariasis in Taichung area.

並列關鍵字

mosquito trap ； vector ； stray dogs ； Dirofilaria immitis ； Taichung area