市面上五種工業常用界面活性劑之急毒性及趨光性行爲改變之探討

The Assessment of Toxicity of Five Commonly Used Industrial Surfactants by Three Daphnia Pulex Tests: Acute Toxicity, Embryo Toxicity and Phototaxis Behavior Chang

王凱淞(Kai-Sung Wang) ； 張時獻(Shih-Hsien Chang) ； 林秋良(Chiou-Liang Lin) ； 林隆堯(Long-Yao Lin) ； 許晉誠(Chin-Chen Hsu)

《中山醫學雜誌》 18卷1期 (2007/06) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.30096/CSMJ.200706.0001

摘要

目的：本研究以建立Daphnia pulex稚蟲和胚胎用以評估五種界面活性劑AE(Alcohol ethoxylates)、AES(Alcohol ether sulfate)、SDS(Sodium dodecyl sulfate)、NPE9 (Nonylphenol ethoxylates 9)、Triton X-100 (Octyl phenol ethoxylate)進行胚胎試驗與水蚤趨光行為試驗，並與水蚤靜水式試驗所進行比較。
方法；先利用水蚤靜水式急毒性試驗找出五種界面活性劑之24、48hr LC50值，進行水蚤稚蟲趨光行為試驗瞭解水蚤接觸到界面活性劑行為模式之變化。
結果；水蚤靜水式試驗中以AE和Triton X-100毒性較高，NPE9、Triton X-100結構式中有苯環，其中只有Triton X-100顯現有較高之毒性。
結論：趨光行為試驗中，水蚤接觸到五種界面活性劑游動速度皆明顯高於對照組，本研究數據顯示水蚤遭遇到五種界面活性劑時，游動速度都有增加的趨勢，本研究數據和Wolf(1998)所提出的水蚤的逃避機制相同。陰離子界面活性劑和非離子界面活性劑於環保署所公布的水蚤靜水式試驗中，兩者毒性並無顯著差異。

關鍵字

圓水蚤 ； 界面活性劑 ； 急毒性試驗 ； 趨光性

並列摘要

Purpose: This study uses three daphnia tests, the daphnia juvenile acute toxicity test, daphnia embryo test and phototaxis behavior change test, to assess the toxicity of five commonly7 used industrial surfactants: Triton X-100, NPE9, SDS, AE, and AES.
Methods: We used LC50 and EC50 of surfactants obtained from daphnia acute toxicity test and embryo test as initial concentrations for the phototaxis test and embryo deformity test.
Results: Immobilization test revealed AE and Triton X-100 to be more toxic than the other surfactants. Although NPE9 and Triton X-100 to be more toxic than the other surfactants. Although NPE9 and Triton X-100 both contained aromatic rings Triton X-100 was more toxic, suggesting that the aromatic ring in Triton X-100 was more toxic to both daphnia juveniles and embryos. The anionic surfactants, SDS, AE, and AES, were found to induce daphnia embryo deformity and lyses, but not the non-ionic surfactants Triton X-100 and NPE9.
Conclusion: Non-ionic surfactants were found to be less toxic to neonate daphnia than anionic surfactants, Analysis of dead daphnia, Which were found higher LC50 values, revealed that these surfactants were absorbed orally through mid-gut. In the embryo test, Both AE and NPE9 were found to induce deformity, the two both containing anionic and aromatic rings. The phototaxis test revealed that group velocities were higher than control group. Suggesting that the surfactants induce escape behavior in daphnia. If so, the test could be used to evaluate natural water.

並列關鍵字

Daphnia pulex ； Surfactant ； Acute toxicity ； Embryo test ； Phototaxis