構圖平衡性對視線分布與歷程之影響

西方繪圖藝術普遍將平衡視爲構圖首則，認爲繪圖作品的平衡性提供知覺上無形的參考架構，然多缺乏客觀實徵的佐證。部分學者藉眼動追蹤法探索構圖平衡性的影響。不過，這些文獻因無法排除混淆變項，且無嚴格統計程序而受質疑。本研究即企圖改良方法，發展「均勻」和「歷程」兩項客觀量化的視線軌跡指標，重複驗證此命題。本研究請視覺藝術專家，創作出高、低平衡性的刺激圖，要求受測者對圖片作平衡判斷與記憶測驗兩項作業，全程記錄受測者的視線軌跡。結果顯示：(1)不論平衡判斷作業或記憶作業，平衡性高低顯著影響視線均勻狀態；(2)僅在平衡判斷作業中，平衡性高低對觀看的視線跳躍幅度有顯著影響；(3)平衡性高低也顯著影響記憶。

關鍵字

眼動追蹤；視線軌跡；構圖平衡性

並列摘要

Balance is considered as one of the most essential elements of aesthetics. However, few definite evidences were offered from objective or empirical aspects. In order to exclude the influence of confounding variables and to follow a strict statistical process, this study tried to develop two kinds of objective indicators with mathematical parameters called ”uniform index” and ”progressing index” to re-verify the influence of balance configuration during aesthetic evaluation. In this study, the manipulation of balance configuration was conducted by two experts in visual art. Twenty well-balanced pictures and twenty ill-balanced pictures were used as experimental stimuli. The participants were randomly assigned to perform the memory test or the balance judgment task after viewing each picture in one session. Eye movements were recorded using eye-tracking system when participants were performing the tasks. The following results were obtained: (1) The relationship between the balanced configuration and the uniform index achieved significant level totally, no matter what task was performed. (2) The relationship between the balance configuration and the progressing index achieved significant level only in the balance judgment task. (3) The balanced configuration did affect participants' memory performance significantly.