風險論述、公民行動與灰渣掩埋場設置爭議

Discourses of Risk, Citizen Activism, and the Waste Facility Siting Controversy

范玫芳(Mei-Fang Fan)

《科技醫療與社會》 5期 (2007/10) Pp. 43-70

摘要

目前台灣有關風險的規範與管理主要是由技術官僚所主導。環境影響評估法在1994年立法完成以規範相關開發案，並將評審作業標準化，但公民在決策過程中的參與卻非常有限。當居民對廢棄物處理設施表達反對立場或進行抗爭，往往會被污名化為自私、不理性與無知。本文主要以新竹縣一般事業廢棄物與灰渣掩埋場設置的爭議為個案，探討風險多元論述、風險分配的不同觀點與公民行動。本研究採取文件分析、深度訪談與焦點團體的方法蒐集資料。個案研究呈現地方居民如何認知掩埋場設施的潛在風險、在地理性，以及風險行動者對風險分配所持的不同觀點，包括科學理性、功利主義、公民參與決策過程受限以及缺乏對在地知識的肯定與尊重。此外，探討公民行動所代表之意涵與轉變的興起。本文最後主張決策過程應更多重視與肯定在地知識與公民參與，同時風險治理的制度變革有必要朝向更透明化以重建民眾信任。

關鍵字

風險認知 ； 風險治理 ； 公民行動 ； 民主參與 ； 常民知識

並列摘要

Regulation and risk management in Taiwan are dominated by technocracy. Although the Environmental Impact Assessment Law was approved in 1994 to regulate development projects and to standardize the criteria for its implementation, the lay public does not have much opportunity to participate in the process. Those residents who oppose siting waste facilities in their communities tend to be stigmatized as promoting self-interest and as being irrational and ignorant. This paper explores multiple risk discourses, judgments, and struggles over the distribution of risk in the context of disputes about a waste facility siting in Hsinchu. The research methods adopted are documentary analysis and in-depth interviews, supplemented by focus groups and numerous informal conversations. The analysis examines how local residents perceive the potential risks of the waste facility and local reasoning. It shows different perspectives on the distribution of risk among actors, including scientific rationality, a utilitarian view, a limited citizen participation in decision-making, and the lack of recognition of local knowledge. It also examines citizen activism and its emerging transformation. The paper argues for the recognition of local contextual knowledge and the need for institutional change towards becoming more transparent, accountable, and open to a variety of perspectives to rebuild public confidence.

並列關鍵字

risk perceptions ； risk governance ； citizen activism ； democratic participation ； lay knowledge

參考文獻

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