南美斑潛蠅(Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard))（雙翅目：潛蠅科）之形態、生活史及生命表

Morphology, Life History and Life Table of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

錢景秦(Ching-Chin Chien) ； 張淑貞(Shu-Chen Chang)

《台灣昆蟲》 28卷2期 (2008/10) Pp. 101-121

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2008009

摘要

本試驗以菜豆苗(Phaseolus vulgaris var. communis Aeachers)飼育南美斑潛蠅(Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard))，除觀察該蠅之形態與生活史外，並研究蜂蜜、交尾及溫度等對其族群增長之影響。該蠅之羽化、交尾及產卵與老熟幼蟲鑽出葉片等活動均主要發生於上午。羽化當日、第二、第三及第四日成蠅之交尾率分別為5.7、68.9、23.6及1.9%。雌、雄蠅皆行多次交尾，在25℃下未交尾雌蠅餵食蜂蜜時雖可產29粒卵，但均不孵化；而已交尾雌蠅未餵食蜂蜜時，其壽命、有活力卵數及取食刻點數均顯著低於餵食蜂蜜者。雌蠅自取食孔取食或由產卵孔取食。雌蠅在豆苗之子葉與本葉上產卵或取食時，均對豆苗之子葉具顯著偏好性。於15~25℃時，可利用豆葉內第三齡幼蟲數估算該蠅之產卵數。卵至蛹期之發育臨界低溫為7.6℃，卵、幼蟲、蛹及卵至蛹期之發育有效積溫各為42、110、139及278日度。餵食純蜂蜜時，25℃雖為該蠅族群增長最快之溫度，此時雌性有活力卵數之每日內在增殖率為0.1999；但20℃卻為該蠅最適繁殖之溫度，此時每雌產下雌性有活力卵數之淨增殖率為152.0粒。該蠅最佳飼育條件為在20℃定溫下、每日供食純蜂蜜、並以15~20 cm高去除本葉之菜豆苗，供二日齡以上已交尾雌蠅產卵一日，然後將已產有蠅卵之豆苗移置在25℃、相對濕度65~85% RH及光周期14:10 (L:D)下飼育，直至羽化成蠅。

關鍵字

南美斑潛蠅 ； 生活史 ； 生命表 ； 菜豆 ； 溫度

並列摘要

In this study the morphology, life history, and the effect of honey, mating and temperature on the population growth rate of the leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), were studied in the laboratory with field bean, Phaseolus vulgaris var. communis Aeschers, as the host plant. The results indicated that emergence, mating, oviposition and feeding of adults as well as larvae emerging from leaves all took place primarily in the morning. Males and females mated more than once, and the mating rate reached 5.7, 68.9, 23.6 and o 1.9% on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th day, respectively. At 25℃, unmated females fed with honey could lay 29 infertile eggs, while mated females without honey supply had significant lower values of longevity, fecundity and number of feeding stipples than those fed with honey. Females had a significant preference for laying their eggs and feeding on cotyeldons leaf to plumule leaf of field bean. The number of third instars within the mesophyll can be used to estimate the oviposition of the leafminer between 15-25℃. The lower developmental threshold was estimated to be 7.6℃ for the development from egg to pupal stage. L. huidobrensis requires 42、110、139 and 278 degree-days, respectively, to complete the egg, larval, pupal and total immature stages. The maximum intrinsic rate of L. huidobrensis was observed at 25℃ (r(subscript m)=0.1999/day) when honey was provided. The maximal net reproductive rate was observed at 20℃ (R0=152.0 viable female eggs). Optimal oviposition condition was obtained by using two-day-old and older mated females that were fed daily on honey, and were provided with field bean seedlings without plumule leaf, about 15-20 cm in height, for one day at 20℃. The oviposited seedlings were then transferred to 25℃ with a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) and 65~85% RH.

並列關鍵字

Liriomyza huidobrensis ； life history ； life table ； field bean ； temperature