底比斯釉小蜂 (Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker))（膜翅目：釉小蜂科）之形態與生活史

Morphology and Life History of Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

錢景秦(Ching-Chin Chien):張淑貞(Shu-Chen Chang)

《台灣昆蟲》 28卷3期 (2008/12) Pp. 159-181

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2008013

摘要

底比斯釉小蜂 (Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker)) 行單產雄性孤雌生殖、單員內寄生。未交尾雌蜂之生育力與致死寄主能力較交尾者各降低 81.8 與 66.2%。該蜂以產卵寄生 (65.1%) 與取食寄主 (34.9%) 之方式致死蔬菜斑潛蠅 (Liriomyza sativae Blanchard)。寄主幼蟲被產卵或取食後，各經 3.9 ± 0.4 與 0 分鐘，即不再活動、取食，各自呈現深度麻痺與死亡狀態。羽化高峰期為上午 5 至 7 點間，產卵與取食寄主高峰期均為上午 5 點至下午 1 點間。雌蜂偏好在寄主第三齡幼蟲上產卵與取食。該蜂在 25℃下，卵至蛹期發育所需時間為 13.2 ± 0.1 日，其中卵期為 1.4± 0.0 日，幼蟲期為 4.3 ± 0.1 日，前蛹期為 0.7 ± 0.1 日，蛹期為 6.8 ± 0.1 日。卵發育至蛹期之存活率為 95.5 ± 2.1%。每日供應 40～50 隻第三齡寄主幼蟲與純蜂蜜時，雌、雄蜂壽命各為 21.9 ± 1.3 與 16.1 ± 1.3 日，每雌蜂可產 220 ± 32 隻子蜂，並致死寄主 358 ± 48 隻。子代雌性比為 0.50 ± 0.03。

關鍵字

底比斯釉小蜂 ； 蔬菜斑潛蠅 ； 外部形態 ； 生活史 ； 菜豆

並列摘要

Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker) is an arrhenotokous, solitary idiobiont endoparasitoid of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard. The capability of the unmated wasp to produce offspring and kill hosts decreased by 81.8 and 66.2%, respectively, when compared to the mated wasp. The female wasp was capable of killing L. sativae by parasitizing (65.1%) and host-feeding (34.9%). The host larva became deeply paralyzed without moving and feeding in 3.9 ± 0.4 min after wasp oviposition or died immediately after being fed upon by the wasp. The daily emergence peak was between 0500 and 0700 h while the peak of oviposition and host-feeding was between 0500 and 1300 h. This wasp has host instar preference, with a particular preference to oviposit and host-feed on third instars. At 25℃, the wasp took 13.2 ± 0.1 days to complete the development from egg to pupa. The duration of egg, larval, prepupal, and pupal stages averaged 1.4 ± 0.0, 4.3 ± 0.1, 0.7 ± 0.1, and 6.8 ± 0.1 days, respectively. The survival rate from egg to pupal stage was 95.5 ± 2.1%. When 40-50 3rd instars of L. sativae and honey were provided daily, the longevity of female and male wasps averaged 21.9 ± 1.3 and 16.1 ± 1.3 days, respectively. The fertility and the host killing capability for a wasp were 220 ± 32 wasps and 358 hosts, respectively. The female progeny ratio was 0.50 ± 0.03.

並列關鍵字

Chrysocharis pentheus ； Liriomyza sativae ； morphology ； life history ； field bean