等翅目之分類與親緣關係綜述

A Review of the Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Termites (Isoptera)

蔡淳淳(Chun-Chun Tsai) ； 陳錦生(Chin-Seng Chen)

《台灣昆蟲》 31卷1期 (2011/03) Pp. 25-38

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2011003

摘要

全世界已記錄的白蟻約有281屬2,600種，在熱帶生態系統中扮演著極重要的角色。綜合往昔文獻記載，等翅目共分7科14亞科，台灣則有4科12屬17種的紀錄。目前使用的分類系統建立於1972年，此系統堪稱完整，但仍有些分類單元的位階需要調整。等翅目的親緣假說從演化的層面上來看，仍有一些缺點，如：缺乏支序學分析、使用太少的特徵或分類單元等，但一般學者仍然接受等翅目是一個單系群，澳白蟻科為最原始的一個科的觀點。雖然白蟻與其他昆蟲的關係尚未釐清，近年來因為分子鑑定技術發達，加上許多學者間結合多種特徵進行支序分析的合作成果，已可以解決分類與親緣關係建立上的一些問題。

關鍵字

等翅目 ； 分類 ； 親緣關係

並列摘要

Termites, sometimes called white ants, are a group of eusocial insects in the order Isoptera, which is comprised of about 281 genera and more than 2,600 described species. They have a profound ecological significance in the tropics. At present, 7 families and 14 subfamilies are recognized. There are 17 termite species from 12 genera belonging to four families listed in Taiwan. This study recommends a revision of the classification of Isoptera based on phylogenetic results. The present classification, which has been used since 1972 has been stable, but a rearrangement of some taxa is needed. At the evolutionary level, the phylogenetic hypotheses proposed for Isoptera have several weaknesses, such as a lack of cladistic analysis, too few characters, and poor taxon sampling. Termites were found to be a monophyletic group, and Mastotermitidae are generally accepted as the basal family. Their relationships with other insects remain unclear. Recent advances in molecular techniques, cladistic analyses and increased cooperation among scientists using different characteristics will provide a resolution of these problems.

並列關鍵字

Isoptera ； taxonomy ； phylogeny