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不同恆溫對瓜實蠅（雙翅目：果實蠅科）幼蟲寄生蜂Psyttalia fletcheri（膜翅目：小繭蜂科）存活率與寄生能力之影響
Effects of Constant Temperatures on Survival Rate and Parasitism of a Specialist Larval Parasitoid Psyttalia fletcheri (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae)
摘要
本研究在4種恆溫(18、23、28、33℃)環境下，測試寄生於瓜實蠅(Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett))（雙翅目：果實蠅科）幼蟲的單員內寄生蜂(solitary larval endoparasitoid) Psyttalia fletcheri (Silvestri)（膜翅目：小繭蜂科）的壽命、不同日齡期雌寄生蜂的寄生能力及存活率，與其子代發育時間。結果顯示P. fletcheri成蟲平均壽命隨溫度上升而縮減，在18℃時最長，雌、雄寄生蜂分別為20.4、18.7日，分別與23℃時無顯著差異，但與28、33℃則呈顯著差異。P. fletcheri雌寄生蜂均能在18、23、28℃等3種溫度環境下，自羽化後第2日齡起，成功寄生瓜實蠅第3齡幼蟲而產出子代，隨日齡變化之平均累計子代數的迴歸分析中，發現在23℃環境下比其他二種溫度具有顯著最高的繁殖潛能，平均每一雌寄生蜂一生約可產85.8隻子代。而P. fletcheri子代在此3種溫度下的發育時間，則隨溫度增加而縮短，由卵發育至羽化為雌寄生蜂分別需要36.0、20.3及15.8日，三種溫度處理間呈現顯著差異。本研究之發現可應用於設定室內飼育溫度，縮短大量繁殖此寄生蜂的時程，或作為配合田間溫度應用於瓜實蠅生物防治之參考。
並列摘要
In this study, we evaluated the survival rate, parasitism, and progeny development time of a melon fly larval endoparasitoid, Psyttalia fletcheri (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) held at four constant temperatures (18, 23, 28, and 33°C). The mean longevity for male and female parasitoids was recorded at 18°C, which were 20.3 ± 8.9 and 18.7 ± 9.5 days, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the mean values obtained at 18°C and 23°C; however, longevity was shorter at 28 and 33°C than at 18 and 23°C. Female parasitoids produced offspring from the second day at 18, 23, and 28 °C. No progeny was recorded for female parasitoids at 33°C. The mean total number of progeny produced per P. fletcheri female parasitoid (85.8) was significantly higher at 23°C than at the other two temperatures according to the results of the regression analysis of accumulated progeny. Progeny development time decreased with increasing temperatures, with mean values of 36.0 ± 0.2, 20.3 ± 0.1, and 15.8 ± 0.3 for female parasitoids when reared at 18, 23, and 28°C, respectively. Progeny development time differed significantly among the temperatures. The results of this study can be applied to mass rearing or integrating field temperature for the biological control of melon fly.
延伸閱讀
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