瓜類氣味對於瓜實蠅（雙翅目：果實蠅科）雌蠅誘引效果之評估

Evaluation of Cucurbit Volatile Compounds to Attract Female Melon Fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

沈映廷(Ying-Ting Shen) ； 莊益源(Yi-Yuan Chuang)

《台灣昆蟲》 39卷1期 (2019/02) Pp. 1-12

https://doi.org/10.6662/TESFE.201902_39(1).001

摘要

本研究初步測試10種不同產季瓜類對瓜實蠅（Zeugodacus cucurbitae（Coquillett））（雙翅目：果實蠅科）雌蠅的誘引力，結果顯示阿成南瓜（Cucurbita moschata var. Ah Cheng）為誘引效果較佳的瓜類之一，其相對誘引率為對照組以色列小黃瓜（Cucumis sativus L. var. Darius）的10.5倍，二者間呈顯著差異。利用頂空固相微萃取法（headspace-solid-phase microextraction, HS-SPME）及氣相層析／質譜儀（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC／MS）分析阿成南瓜的揮發性氣味成分，共鑑定出18種成分，將此等成分對雌蠅進行誘引力測試，結果篩選出trans-2-hexenyl acetate、o-xylene、2-amino-4-methylbenzoic acid、1-octen-3-ol、octamethyl-cyclotetrasiloxane、limonnene、（Z）-6-nonenal、（E,Z）-2,6-nonadienal等8種成分較具誘引雌蠅效果，後續測試單一及2種組合配方的誘引效果，分別為均含誘引效果最佳之（Z）-6-nonenal的單一成分（N）、3種成分組合（N-m3）及8種成分組合（N-m8）等3種配方處理，並以含硼酵母錠（Torula yeast/borax）溶液作為對照組進行選擇性測試，結果顯示4者對雌蠅之平均相對誘引率分別為13.7、32.7、22.1及31.6%，4種處理間無顯著差異。此初步由阿成南瓜篩選出之氣味成分，具有開發作為瓜實蠅雌蠅誘引劑之潛力。

關鍵字

瓜實蠅 ； 阿成南瓜（Cucurbita moschata var. Ah Cheng） ； 揮發性氣味成分 ； 相對誘引率

並列摘要

This preliminary study investigated the attraction of female melon flies (Zeugodacus cucurbitae [Coquillett]) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to volatiles of 10 cucurbit crops harvested in various seasons. The results showed that Ah Cheng pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata var. Ah Cheng) was 10.5 times more attractive to female melon flies than the control Israel cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. Darius). A total of 18 volatile compounds from Ah Cheng pumpkin were identified through headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The attractiveness of these compounds to female melon flies was evaluated using the help of an improved McPhail trap (IMcT) in the green house. The screening results showed that (Z)-6-nonenal baited in IMcT attracted the highest number of female flies compared with other compounds, with the mean number being 87.5 ± 32.9. Thus, we evaluated the relative attraction effects of a single compound (N) and two combination treatments (N-m3 and N-m8) by using the food attractant, Torula yeast/borax solution, as the control. The results showed that mean the relative attraction rates of four treatments were 13.7%, 32.7%, 22.1%, and 31.6%. No significant difference was observed between all treatments, which indicated that volatiles from Ah Cheng pumpkin were competitive to the standard protein bait. These components selected from Ah Cheng pumpkin have the potential to act as attractants for melon flies.

並列關鍵字

Zeugodacus cucurbitae ； Ah Cheng pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata var. Ah Cheng) ； volatile compound ； relative attraction rate