網絡型態與研發專案團隊績效：以專案發展階段的觀點

研發是知識經濟時代企業競爭優勢的重要來源，企業更是運用專案團隊以開發新產品、技術或服務、縮短研發時間和減少研發成本。在專案團隊的開發過程中，團隊不僅應運用外部的網絡關係，將重要資訊帶入專案中，而且更應利用跨團隊的網絡關係以強化專案的互動，以及尋求組織高層對於研發專案的資源承諾等，以期提昇研發專案的績效。本研究認為在探討網絡與專案績效的關係，應該同時考慮專案與外部、跨團隊以及組織高層的網絡關係。此外，本研究更進一步地以專案開發階段的觀點探討團隊網絡與研發績效的關係。本研究方法採立意取樣，對象為128位來自11個研發專案的成員，分別為台灣的兩家電信與四家資訊軟體公司的研發專案團隊。研究結果發現，團隊網絡經因素分析，涵蓋外部、跨團隊和組織高層三項內涵，而且專案團隊與外部網絡和跨團隊網絡的活動會隨著專案的發展階段呈倒U的現象，即先增後減的情形。專案發展階段僅對於外部網絡和研發專案績效的商業價值構面的關係具調節的作用，然而對於其他網絡型態與研發專案績效的調節作用並不顯著。

關鍵字

網絡；研發專案績效；專案發展階段

並列摘要

R&D has become one of the most important sources of enhancing a firm's competitive advantages in the knowledge-based economy. Firms have increasingly used project teams to develop new product, technology or service, shorten the development time and decrease R&D cost. In order to improve R&D performance, project teams need to network externally for collecting critical information, interact with cross-project teams within the firm for enhancing social interaction, and search for support in resources from top management. We argued that it is critical to concern the external network, cross-network, and network with top management as a whole in order to examine the relationship of network and R&D project performance. One hundred and twenty-eight R&D members from 11 project teams were collected from tele-communication and software design companies. Results show that the degrees of 'external network' and 'cross-team network' are inverse U-shaped during R&D stages, while 'top-level network' reveals quite stable during different stages. Project stage mediation was found for the relationship of external network and R&D project performance, but not for the relationship of other network types and R&D project performance.

並列關鍵字

Network ； R&D project performance ； Project stages

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