中日兩國文人贈答唱和詩初探－以唐代開元為中心

唐代開元時期（七一三～七四三），日本所派的一些遣唐使節團，紛紛經由三條水路航線，來華學習中華文化。這些遣唐使節團中，有學者、學生及僧侶們；他們或在唐定居，或在唐娶妻生子，或在唐為官，於是結交一些中國文人，奠下良好的友誼基礎，更進而有詩作來往。筆者自中日兩國的相關古籍中，搜尋出當時中日兩國文人的贈答唱和詩篇，例如儲光羲以詩祝賀阿倍仲麻呂升官；趙驊以詩為仲麻呂送別；王維也以詩送別仲麻呂；仲麻呂也有贈答之作。玄宗皇帝有御製送別詩贈藤原清河等人。李白有悼念仲麻呂的追悼詩；一些日本友人，也有追念唐代高僧鑑真的詩篇。凡此均為本文探討範圍。

關鍵字

唐代；開元；遣唐使；送別詩

並列摘要

During the reign of Emperor Xuan-Zhong in the Tang Dynasty (713-742 A.D.), a few special groups of envoys sent by Japan came to China via three waterways in pursuit of Chinese culture. Among these special envoys, there were scholars, students and monks. They either settled down in China marrying local women and having children, or they accepted positions in the imperial court. Consequently they befriended some Chinese intellectuals, laying a very good foundation of friendship, making it possible for them to compose and exchange poetry with each other. We the authors have searched out and read many classical books of poetry written by Chinese and Japanese intellectuals from among related ancient artifacts of the period in both China and Japan. For example, there is a congratulatory poem written by Chu Guang-xi in celebration of the promotion of Abe Nakamaro. Zhao Hua also wrote a poem to pay farewell to Nakamaro. Wang Wei wrote a farewell poem for Nakamaro as well. Nakamaro also composed a few of his own works in acknowledgement of their farewell poems. Even Emperor Xuan-zhong composed his own poetry for persons such as Fujiwara Kiyokawa. Li Po also composed a poem to mourn the death of Nakamaro. A few Japanese intellectuals wrote similar poems to mourn the pasing away of the noted monk by the name of Zhien Zhen in the Tang Dynasty.