各級棒球選手流失因素之研究

A Study of Influential Factors for Lost Baseball Players

何育敏(Yu-Min Ho) ； 張庭彰(Tin-Chang Chang) ； 何國龍(Guo-Long Ho) ； 陳禾青(He-Qing Chen)

《北體學報》 16期 (2008/12) Pp. 248-260

https://doi.org/10.6167/TPEC/2008.16.23

摘要

本研究針對各級棒球運動之優秀教練進行深度個別訪談，根據訪談法藉由雙向溝通，期望探討各級棒球員流失之因素。研究結果發現，各級球員流失之因素主要可歸類於以下幾點：
一、動機理論：包括生理層面（自我認知身體狀況不適合持續練球）、心理層面（沒有信心、對未來的恐懼及打球的成就感消失）及社會層面（打不出預期成績、家長不支持、導師不配合）等因素。
二、倦怠理論：球員本身產生對於練球所產生的倦怠感長期累積，進而一一離閉球隊。
三、運動傷害理論：過度使用、場地不佳、球員本身訓練不足等都是容易造成球員運動傷害而斷送球員生命的原因。
四、教練領導行為理論：教練帶隊風格影響球員，不僅表現在球隊成績上，也表現在球員生活常規上。專任教練對於球隊的成績比較有幫助，但兼任教練卻對球員的生活常規比較有正面的影響。
五、家庭因素與環境理論：球員長時間都外出比賽，很少有時間在家，所以很容易造成與家裹的疏離感，家長也不支持球員打球，造成球員的流失。
六、運動贊助理論：運動贊助對球員的影響是正相關的。如果一個球隊沒有廠商的贊助，很容易因為經營不善而讓球隊面臨解散的命運。
不同階段球員的嚴重流失主要原因可歸納為教練領導風格、生理心理倦怠及經濟壓力、教練的帶隊的風格影響國小、國中球員的去留，也影響了球隊的士氣。國小棒球選手訓練必須讓選手產生學習樂趣為主，藉由教練跟老師雙重角色的扮演，一方面輔導選手打球、一方面兼顧學童學業，避免長期訓練壓力造成往後因倦怠而流失。

關鍵字

球員流失 ； 三級棒球 ； 動機理論 ； 倦怠理論 ； 運動贊助

並列摘要

The purpose of the study is targeted to the baseball coach in-depth personal interview, and explored the influential factors for lost baseball players. The major results for the research are as follows:
1. Motivation theory: the theory focuses on physiological (players thought their healthy condition inappropriate for training.), psychological (they lacked confidence, been no future, and vanish achievement of training.), and social dimension (they didn't correspond to their expected achievement, parents didn't supported it, and teachers didn't being coaptation.).
2. Burnout theory: because the long-term accumulation burnout of training, players left the team one by one.
3. Injury theory; overused, insufficient place and training are the reasons that droved the injury occurred and ceased to their player's life.
4. Coaches' leadership behavior theory: coaches' leadership behavior influence on players not only expressed on the results of competition, also on school living prescriptions. Professional coach perceived as more helpful to their achievement. But being concurrently coach had a positive influence on living prescriptions.
5. Family factors and environment theory: Since players spend a lot of time on joining the competence, they rarely have time staying at home. It is easy to have distance with their family. Then, parents do not support players joining the team, it also males the lost of players.
6. Sports sponsorship theory: sports sponsorship had a positive impact on players. If there is no having sponsorship, the team might easily been dismissed by under-performance.

並列關鍵字

Lost of players ； Three level baseball ； Motivation theory ； Burnout theory ； Sports sponsorship

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