- 期刊
- OpenAccess
Speciated PM_(10) Emission Inventory for Delhi, India
並列摘要
Emission inventories can serve as a basis for air quality management programs. The focus has been mainly on building inventories for criteria pollutants including particulate matter (PM). Control efforts in developing countries are mostly limited to total suspended particles (TSP) and/or PM_(10). Since the adverse effects of PM_(10) depend on its chemical composition, it is important to control emissions of toxic species. The first step is to identify key pollution sources and estimate quantities of various chemical species in emissions. This paper presents a speciated PM_(10) emission inventory for Delhi, the capital and one of the most polluted cities in India. An established PM_(10) inventory for Delhi in conjunction with source profiles was used to estimate emissions of major PM_(10) components including organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC, respectively), sulphates (SO_4^(2-)), and nitrates (NO_3^-), as well as selected toxic trace metals (i.e., Pb, Ni, V, As, and Hg), some of which are subject to India's National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). For the base year of 2007, emission estimates for PM_(10) mass, OC, EC, SO_4^(2-), and NO_3^- are 140, 22, 6.4, 2.8, and 2.1 tonnes/day (TPD; 1 tonne = 1000 kg), respectively. Emissions of Pb, Ni, V, As, and Hg are estimated to be 203, 43, 37, 26, and 9.4 kg/day, respectively. This inventory underestimated Pb and Hg emissions because sources of PM10 from unorganized secondary lead smelters are not specifically identified and gas-to-particle conversion of Hg is not accounted for.