Seasonal Variations in Water Soluble Inorganic Ions, OC and EC in PM_(10) and PM_(＞10) Aerosols over Delhi: Influence of Sources and Meteorological Factors

Pawan Kumar ； Sudesh Yadav

《Aerosol and Air Quality Research》 16卷5期 (2016/05) Pp. 1165-1178

https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.07.0472

並列摘要

The PM_(10) and particles of greater than 10 μm aerodynamic diameter (hence forth referred as PM_(＞10)) collected over Delhi exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (100 μg m^(-3)) with an annual average of 215 μg m(-3) and 495 μg m^(-3), respectively. The water soluble inorganic ions (WSII) were higher throughout the year in PM_(10) (13.5%) than in PM_(＞10) (5%). SO_4^(2-) dominated over NO_3^- ions and contributed 54% to the total WSII in PM_(10). NO_3^- and Ca^(2+) were dominant ions in PM_(＞10). NH_4^+ during winter and autumn, and Ca^(2+) in summer PM_(10) samples were the major acid neutralizing species. The WSII showed monthly and seasonal changes. The total carbon (TC = EC + OC) constituted 8.8%-47.8% of total PM_(10) mass, and OC and EC varied from 9.91 to 37.06 μg m(-3) and 5.42 to 22.23 μg m(-3) during the year long sampling period. The SOC contributed more to OC in summers and the char (EC1) dominated over soot (EC2 + EC3) in EC fractions throughout the year. In summer samples, secondary OC (SOC) contributed 81% to OC and the OC/EC ratio was 3.61 suggesting the possible role of mineral dust and high photochemical activity in SOC production. For the eight different fractions, three dominant sources were identified, coal combustion, biomass burning, and motor vehicle exhaust for OC1, OC2 and OC3; vehicle exhaust for OC4, OP, EC2 and EC3; and biomass and coal combustion for EC1. The seasonal changes in the WSII and carbon concentrations in PM_(10) and PM_(＞10) are attributed to both the sources and the meteorological conditions in and around the study area.

並列關鍵字

Soluble ions ； Carbon fractions ； Processes ； Air quality