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A Simulation Study on PM_(2.5) Sources and Meteorological Characteristics at the Northern Tip of Taiwan in the Early Stage of the Asian Haze Period
摘要
The present study utilizes air quality modeling to probe the sources and characteristics of PM_(2.5) (particles less than 2.5 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter) at the northern tip of Taiwan (CAFE station) in the early stage of the Asian haze period. Since CAFE is the first place that is influenced by the Asian haze coming from the north, this study focused on the wind field, PM_(2.5) concentration, and PM_(2.5) composition at CAFE. During the research period (Oct. 16, 2015, to Nov. 15, 2015), four PM_(2.5) episodes occurred at CAFE. This study classified these four episodes into three types, according to their PM_(2.5) sources: the long-range transport (LRT) type, the local pollution (LP) type, and the LRT/LP mix type. For the LRT type, Asian outflows prevailed in a north to northeast wind at the north of Taiwan. The proportion of NO_3^- in the PM_(2.5) resolvable compositions was very small at CAFE due to evaporation during transport, whereas the relative proportion of sea salt increased due to strong winds. For the LP type, an east wind prevailed and formed a cyclone/lee vortex in northwest Taiwan. Although the background PM_(2.5) concentrations were low (4-20 μg m^(-3)), the cyclone transported local anthropogenic emissions northward and elevated the PM_(2.5) levels at CAFE. For the LRT/LP mix type, an east wind also prevailed, but the background PM_(2.5) concentrations were at an intermediate level (20-30 μg m^(-3)) because the Asian outflows had already transported haze to the West Pacific. The combined LRT and LP increased PM_(2.5) at CAFE. In addition, the proportions of NO_3^- (nitrate) for the LP and LRT/LP episodes were obviously higher than those on the days before and after. This suggests a considerable contribution on PM_(2.5) from LP.
延伸閱讀
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