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Spatiotemporal Variation and Chemical Fingerprints of Marine Fine Particles (PM_(2.5)) at the Matsu Islands in Northern Taiwan Strait
摘要
This study characterized the PM_(2.5) in terms of its spatial distribution, chemical composition, and seasonal/diurnal variation on the Matsu Islands in the northern Taiwan Strait. The PQ-200 samplers were employed to conduct simultaneous 24-h seasonal measurements of PM_(2.5) on four offshore islands, viz., Nankan Island (Site NK), Beigan Island (Site BG), Dongyin Island (Site DY), and Chiukung Island (Site CK) as well as 12-h diurnal measurements for both regular and intensive samplings, and 24-h episodic measurements at one of the locations (Site NK). Additionally, the chemical signatures of PM_(2.5) collected at six predominant local sources were established via chemical analysis, which coordinated as source profiles for chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model to resolve the source apportionment of PM_(2.5). Of the four seasons, summer exhibited the lowest average PM_(2.5) concentration. In winter and spring, the level of PM_(2.5) significantly rose under the influences of Asian Northeastern Monsoons (ANEMs). Furthermore, the spatial distribution of PM_(2.5) across the islands showed a tendency to gradually decrease from the west to the east, with the Site NK always displaying the highest value regardless of the season. In general, the chemical composition primarily consisted of water-soluble ions (WSIs) owing to the abundancy of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) which accounted for 69.8% of the WSIs and 45.5% of the PM_(2.5). Crustal elements dominated the metallic components, although the content of trace metals increased in both concentrations and proportion during the ANEMs. Organic carbon (OC) dominated the carbonaceous content of PM_(2.5) in all seasons, with OC/EC values ranging from 1.64 to 3.78. During the episodes of poor air quality, the majority of incoming air masses followed a northern transport route (N-route) or an anticyclonic outflow route (AO-route) transported from the continent to the islands. The CMB receptor modeling results showed that the major sources of PM_(2.5) on the Matsu Islands were road dust, industrial boilers, secondary aerosols, vehicular exhausts, and sea salts. Overall, the PM_(2.5) pollution was originated from both local and remote sources, with 28~68% of the PM_(2.5) concentrations arising from long-range transport.
延伸閱讀
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